中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较

传统的仅用收入或消费来衡量贫困的方法只能提供单一的信息,从多维角度则能够较全面地认识贫困。本文利用CHNS数据库中2000年和2009年数据,借鉴了多维贫困指数的构造及分解方法,对近十年来中国城乡多维贫困进行了测度、分解及分析,认为总体上城乡贫困程度均有所减轻,农村贫困严重于城市,应重视医疗健康保险、卫生设施、城市住房、做饭燃料等维度上的贫困,同时降低中西部省份的贫困。     

增值税“扩围”对我国城镇居民收入的分配效应

本文提出了一个新的增值税收入分配效应的分解方法,并运用2007-2011年我国城镇分组家庭的消费支出数据,分析了增值税“扩围”对居民收入分配的影响。实证结论表明,增值税“扩围”后不同收入等级的增值税税负随着收入的增加而降低,增值税对食品、居住、家庭设备用品及服务等领域具有不均等效应,而对衣着、医疗保健、交通和通信、教育文化与娱乐服务等领域具有均等效应。我国增值税总体上呈现不均等效应,但不均等效应逐步减弱,其中平均税率和消费支出差异的分配效应是决定因素。     

货币供应量对股市影响的实证分析

笔者利用我国货币供应量和股票价格指数的相关数据,通过构建VAR模型,分别对牛市和熊市两种行情下货币供应量对股票价格指数的影响进行实证分析。研究表明:两种行情下,货币供应量与股票价格指数均存在长期均衡关系,在牛市行情下,货币供应量对股票价格指数的上涨具有积极的促进作用,而在熊市行情下,货币供应量对股票价格指数影响不大。     

协同运输的路线整合问题研究

本文研究协同运输的路线整合问题(CTRIP):允许所有的O-D流(运输任务)在规定的路线长度内任意采取直通运输、单点中转、两点中转的整合运输路线,整合运输的中枢路段在支付固定成本后可产生运费折扣,如何选择O-D流的整合路线使得总成本最小? CTRIP广泛应用于航空、物流、快递等领域的整合运输实践。论文构造了CTRIP的混合整数规划模型和Benders分解算法,实验显示,算法表现出非常好的计算绩效。最后,我们利用一个具体实例对CTRIP与已有研究展开了比较,结论显示CTRIP更能保证中枢路段的规模优势 。     

中国农村儿童健康不平等及其影响因素研究——基于CHNS数据的经验研究

本文使用“中国家庭营养与健康调查”（CHNS）数据,测度了中国农村儿童健康不平等程度,重点计算了收入、医疗保险、母亲教育水平等因素对健康不平等的贡献。回归基础上的集中系数及其分解结果显示：我国农村地区存在亲富人的健康不平等,高收入家庭儿童的健康状况更好;健康不平等主要的贡献因素是父母亲收入、母亲教育程度、母亲工作状况、父亲身高等：收入对于儿童健康不平等的贡献最大,但不同的收人类型表现出一定的差异。父母亲的工资收入对于儿童健康不平等的贡献为正,收入不平等会扩大健康不平等;医疗保险的不平等程度不断扩大,进一步强化了健康不平等。     

我国人口老龄化水平的区域差异及其分解研究

本文运用方差及其分解等区域差异研究方法,定量分析了我国人口老龄化水平在东、中、西部及省际问的差异,结果表明：我国的人口老龄化水平区域差异不均衡,东、中、西部区域对应人口老龄化水平的“高、中、低”。区际间的差异及东部区域的省际差异有减小的趋势但是总体省际间差异却在不断扩大．尤其是中部和西部区域的省际差异。为此,需要社会共同努力应对人口老龄化水平不均衡所带来的影响。在此基础上,提出了相关的对策措施。     

Collective bargaining levels,employment and wage inequality in Spain

After the increase in inequalities following the Great Recession, studies on wage bargaining systems have increasingly focused on wage inequality. This research examines wage inequality associated with collective bargaining levels in Spain, based on matched employer–employee microdata and quantile regression methods. These methods are applied across the wage distribution, following the method proposed by Firpo et al. (2011), to estimate wage premiums associated with agreement levels and to decompose the wage differentials observed at different points of the wage distribution. From the evidence obtained it can be concluded that, although the higher wages found in firm-level agreements are explained by the better observed characteristics of firms and workers covered by these collective agreements, there remains a positive wage premium. Although this premium is seen throughout the wage distribution, it favours mostly workers in the middle and upper-middle end. This slightly increases wage inequality in comparison with sectoral agreements. In contrast, workers without collective bargaining coverage generally suffer a wage penalty. This penalty is only observed on the left of the wage distribution. It becomes a significant wage premium in the upper end of the distribution, which implies a significant increase in wage inequality. In short, the evidence of this research suggests that reducing the coverage of collective bargaining could be associated with a significant increase in wage inequality. A better policy option for countries with a predominant sectoral model, such as Spain, would be to move towards an organized decentralization model. This would cause significant gains in employment as suggested by OECD (2019) and only a slight increase in wage inequality.     

An integrated supplier selection and inventory problem with multi-sourcing and lateral transshipments

In this research, we consider the supplier selection problem of a firm offering a single product via multiple warehouses. The warehouses face stationary, stochastic demand and replenish their inventory via multiple suppliers, to be determined from a set of candidates, with varying price, capacity, quality, and disruption characteristics. Additionally, the warehouses may simultaneously replenish their inventory from other warehouses proactively. With these characteristics, the problem is a multi-sourcing, supplier selection, and inventory problem with lateral transshipments. Even though the benefits of multi-sourcing and lateral transshipments have been presented in the literature individually to mitigate risks associated with uncertain demand and disrupted supply, the intertwined sourcing and inventory decisions under these settings have not been investigated from a quantitative perspective. We develop a decomposition based heuristic algorithm, powered with simulation. While the decomposition based heuristic determines a solution with supplier selection and inventory decisions, the simulation model evaluates the objective function value corresponding to each generated solution. Experimental results show, contrary to the existing literature, inferior decisions may result when considering the selection of suppliers solely on unit and/or contractual costs. We also evaluate the impact of multi-sourcing with rare but long disruptions compared to frequent but short ones.     

直接消耗系数连续性修订————加入规模经济的扩展

 综述了直接消耗系数修订的必要性和各种现有的修订思路。在满足修订基本前提下，加入规模经济将完全竞争框架扩展到垄断竞争框架。这种修正方法使得直接消耗系数在既定的时间点上满足线性假定（静态分析），但演进过程却成指数关系。对Malmquist指数分解不仅可以获得技术变化的测度，还可以计量技术使用效率的变化（包括纯效率和规模效率的变化），这使得直接消耗系数变化的来源更加清晰可见。连续性修订旨在发现长期跃迁的内在过程及其机理。     

增加值贸易视角下我国区际贸易成本的测算与分解

本文在Novy（2013）的基础之上，利用1997年、2002年与2007年区域间投入产出表，首次基于增加值贸易视角进行了中国区际贸易成本变动的测算与分解。结果显示：首先，不同于传统贸易流量的测度，基于增加值贸易视角的测度表明，1997-2007年的区际贸易成本不仅未有上升，反而大幅下降。其次，尽管当前的区际贸易成本有所下降，但是这种下降主要体现为以内陆地区和初级产品带动的低端化整合。最后，进一步地利用双边分解，本文发现低端化整合的迹象可能在于邻区偏少、产业同构度过高与政策缺失下，东部沿海更多利用国外需求进行替代所致。随着东部沿海的对外依赖程度提升，区际分工整合将会面临“初级产品分工整合加快→服务行业过度出口→遭受出口俘获→初级产品分工整合进一步加快”的恶性循环。因此，进一步转变发展观念、扭转市场分割激励、加快基础设施建设，才能从根本上提升区际整合质量。