Optimal design of supply chain networks under uncertain transient demand variations

We consider a detailed mathematical formulation for the problem of designing supply chain networks comprising multiproduct production facilities with shared production resources, warehouses, distribution centers and customer zones and operating under time varying demand uncertainty. Uncertainty is captured in terms of a number of likely scenarios possible to materialize during the lifetime of the network. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved to global optimality using standard branch-and-bound techniques. A case study concerned with the establishment of Europe-wide supply chain is used to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results obtained provide a good indication of the value of having a model that takes into account the complex interactions that exist in such networks and the effect of inventory levels to the design and operation.     

以EVA为内核的人力资本产权激励制度研究

人力资本所有者凭借其贡献获得企业报酬并合理分享企业所有权是国内外公司治理领域的热点,但人力资本的价值计量难题成为对人力资本进行产权激励的制约因素.本文以公司价值管理的绩效评价指标EVA为核心,构建了总体人力资本的动态价值、"分割价值"系列模型;通过平衡记分卡(BSC)系统,结合层次分析法(AHP),计算出人力资本个体的综合相对价值,从而设计出业绩薪酬和以股权激励为主体的长期激励方案.     

基于消费者隐性需求的营销模式研究策略

消费者隐性需求的相关理论和实践研究逐渐受到国内外学者的重视,这对于营销理论的再造和营销学的演进具有一定的理论价值。本文从营销范式的演进规律归纳得出,营销范式的转换归根结底源于隐性需求的开发。在此基础上,对传统营销模式及营销组合对隐性需求研究的普适性进行了检验,并探讨了基于隐性需求的4Vs营销模式及其现实意义。     

Against all odds? Exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty in season ticket holders’ stadium attendance demand

In this study we investigate the important but rather ambiguous role of game outcome uncertainty (GOU) in consumers’ demand for professional sports. Specifically, using a unique and strongly balanced panel data set containing information on individual physical attendance from 13,892 season ticket holders (STHs) of a German professional football club, we find evidence for a positive effect of GOU on two differing spectator decisions – both the decision to physically attend a game in the stadium and the decision on what time to enter the stadium, an aspect which has so far been neglected in the literature. Moreover, GOU seems to play an especially important role in the decision-making of one particular group: STHs with comparatively high coordination costs.     

需求能力不足是我国扩大内需的主要障碍

形成有效需求能力不足的主要原因有 :居民收入分配差距拉大 ;农民收入增长速度减缓 ;城市存在大量下岗职工。解决我国有效需求能力不足的对策 :缩小居民收入分配差距 ;提高农民收入 ;解决城市下岗职工的生活问题     

需求弹性及其在经济活动中的运用

需求弹性是西方经济学中一个基本的概念，影响需求弹性的因素包括商品的消费占收入的比重、商品的用途和基本性质等。掌握并运用需求弹性理论，可以使厂商提高其生产经营决策或制定政策措施的科学性，减少决策的盲目性。     

竞争导向的城市特色内涵

面对竞争日趋激烈的城市发展环境 ,城市特色的研究内容有必要向外拓展和延伸 ,国内虽有初步的研究 ,但大多局限于概括性的论述。本文以有关经济理论对竞争力的解释、城市受众的需求和国内外著名城市的特色表现三个方面作为研究的依据 ,建构了包括特色资源子系统、核心子系统、扩展子系统和支撑子系统的城市特色系统内涵 ,廓清了城市特色的构成 ,也为城市管理者如何塑造城市特色提供了清晰的思路和努力的方向     

文化是个熔炉——探究土楼聚落生成中的文化力量

客观因素的变动是不会直接作用于住屋形式的 ,而是要通过文化因素对它的反馈。不是任何客观因素的变动都会对住屋形式产生影响的 ,这个变动必须顺从于文化力量 ,或有足够的作用力使文化因素发生变化 ,才会对住屋形式产生影响。从土楼聚落的形成中可以发现文化因素就像个“熔炉”夹在客观因素和住屋形式之间     

Using panel methods to model waiting times for National Health Service surgery

Summary. Long waiting times for non-emergency (elective) procedures are a central feature of the UK's National Health Service, with about 1 million people waiting for surgery at any one time. This paper develops empirical models of the demand for and supply of elective surgery which simultaneously determine waiting times. The models are tested by using a panel of annual data for 5499 small areas from 1991 to 1998. Supply and demand functions are estimated for all specialties combined and for seven individual specialties, using panel data methods that incorporate simultaneously determined variables. The elasticity of demand with respect to waiting time varies between specialties but is always quite small. The results are discussed in the light of UK Government policy initiatives designed to reduce waiting times substantially. The analysis suggests that these initiatives will not stimulate demand markedly and therefore stand a good chance of succeeding provided that adequate additional resources are made available.