The Double Challenge of Market and Social Incorporation: Progress and Bottlenecks in Latin America

Has the past decade of sustained economic growth and political transformations reversed Latin America's historical failure to secure market and social incorporation? To address this question this article draws on the experiences of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru and Uruguay by distinguishing between short‐term outcomes – which may depend on benign international conditions – and policy changes, which are more important for long‐term performance. It highlights the overall success of both Brazil and Uruguay and shows that the other countries have made more progress in terms of social than market incorporation.     

Changes in the labour market and health inequalities during the years of the recent economic downturn in Italy

There is widespread concern that episodes of unemployment and unstable working conditions adversely affect health. We add to the debate by focusing on the relationship between work trajectory and the self-reported health of Italian men and women during the present economic downturn. Relying on Italian data in the EU-SILC project (from 2007 to 2010), our sample includes all individuals aged 30 to 60 in 2010, and uses multivariate binomial regression models for preliminary analyses and the Structural Equations modelling (SEM) to observe the cumulative effects of health status according to different job trajectories. Our main findings show similar pictures for men and women. Individuals who are unemployed, ejected or in precarious occupational positions have a higher risk of worsening their health status during these years.     

对中国经济运行状况的分析

从经济的投资、消费和出口数据看,中国经济增速确实在下行。为了保持中国经济8%的增速,我们已付出了很高的代价;经过35年的高速增长,在各行各业产能基本过剩的情况下,中国经济增速正在下移。观察1950年代后日本、中国台湾和香港地区经济发展的过程,其经济高速增长后,也是一个台阶又一个台阶地下来。中国不能再靠高投资来推动经济增长。     

中国实践区域经济合作的法律问题

随着世界经济的快速发展，经济全球化与区域经济一体化如同两股不可逆流的洪潮，席卷世界。为适应国际经济的发展趋势，我国积极加入至经济区域合作的行列之中。事实上，区域经济合作已成为了我国经济发展不可或缺的重要组成部分。在区域经济合作领域，特别是在东盟区域，我国已取得了较大的成绩，但仍存在着诸多不足。这些不足突出地体现在法律体系不够完善、缺乏具体法规支撑等多个方面。对此，我们可通过建立有效的预警机制，借鉴其他区域经济合作经验等措施，促进我国实践区域经济合作更好地发展。     

War and peace on the land: An analysis of the symbolism of organic farming

This paper examines the role of the theatre metaphor in both resolving and aggravating the tensions inherent in managing the modern zoo. As the mission of zoos has evolved from the point of view of management, from a “stamp collection” approach, through habitat design and education, to the breeding and preservation of endangered species, perceptions of the general public and more importantly, the municipal departments to which zoo directors report, have not kept up. This has resulted in a tension between inner mission and self-presentation, between marketing/fundraising activities and the animal management activities which shape the day to day work and future plans of zoo workers. This paper examines one case in particular . . . that of the Northern City Zoo, in Canada. It explores the significance of using organizational metaphor to explicitly manage diversity and transition. In particular it discusses the role of theatre metaphors as simultaneously signalling conflict within the organization and providing a “liminal” period for transformation.     

城市人口密度、国内市场规模与就业增长

我国经济“高增长、低就业”现象的原因在于我国贸易成本过高，国内市场规模较少。解决我国就业问题的关键在于减少行政干预，顺应市场要求，促进人口在空间上的适度集中，提高人口密度，提高消费效率，扩大市场规模。应进一步完善城乡一体的户籍制度，完善整合城乡劳动力市场，提高要素流动能力等。     

Closed-form likelihood estimation for one type of affine point processes

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a closed-form likelihood approximation for one type of affine point processes widely used in financial credit risk models. We proceed by first conjecturing the concrete series form of the transition density, verifying our postulation and then establishing the related coefficients by means of Kolmogorov equations. The asymptotic properties of the maximum-likelihood estimators (MLEs) are given in the end.     

“甬台经济合作区”建设构想与实现路径分析

文章从当前两岸关系不断推进和宁波市与台湾地区（简称＂甬台＂）经贸合作快速发展的实际出发,通过分析当前＂甬台经济合作区＂构建的必要性和可行性,提出了＂甬台经济合作区＂的建设框架、实现路径和相应策略措施。建议将宁波市现有的＂保税区＂、＂经济开发区＂等5个国家级开发区,逐步建设成为具有＂自由贸易区＂性质的、呈现＂三核三带＂特征的＂甬台经济合作区＂,为ECFA背景下两岸范围更广、层次更高的交流合作提供参考,促进两岸关系发展和区域经济一体化。     

加入世贸组织与广东民族地区的经济发展

本文论述了新时期广东民族地区的经济现状与发展问题。认为现在是广东民族地区取得突破性发展的最好时机。     

A New Quantile Function with Applications to Reliability Analysis

In this article, we propose a new class of distributions defined by a quantile function, which nests several distributions as its members. The quantile function proposed here is the sum of the quantile functions of the generalized Pareto and Weibull distributions. Various distributional properties and reliability characteristics of the class are discussed. The estimation of the parameters of the model using L-moments is studied. Finally, we apply the model to a real life dataset.