Intergroup Behaviour and Ethnicity: A Social Psychological Perspective

Humans exist not only as unique individuals, but also as members of social groups that are formed on the basis of ethnicity, gender, age and so forth. Reflecting this duality are interpersonal and intergroup modes of behaviour, respectively. Thus, humans can act in terms of their personal self and treat others as individuals (interpersonal behaviour); they can also act in terms of group membership and relate to others as members of this or that group (intergroup behaviour). In a mixed marriage, for example, the couple's behaviour toward each other is ‘normally’ interpersonal, but can become intergroup when war breaks out between their respective ethnic groups. Contrary to common sense, factors more minimal than a war are often sufficient to trigger intergroup behaviour. Indeed, seemingly interpersonal encounters are in fact intergroup. How does behaviour shift from interpersonal to intergroup, and with what consequences? To address these questions, I outline a social psychological perspective based on social identity theory and conclude with a discussion on the enigmas of ethnicity.     

社会转型以来农民流动的特点与趋势

社会转型以来农民流动呈现出多样性的特点。未来农民流动可能会呈现更加规模化、组织化、年轻化和技能化的趋势。     

信息技术与教师教育培训

把信息技术与教师教育培训相结合,是新形势下教师培训的重要途径,对教育改革有很大的影响。     

日本教育法规演变的历史轨迹

综观日本教育的近现代史,可以发现日本的教育法规演变的过程可以分为三个阶段,以《学制》《教育令》《学校令》为代表的第一阶段,是日本近代教育法规的形成时期。以《学校基本法》为代表的第二阶段,是日本近现代教育法规的发展时期,而《终身学习振兴法》的颁布则标志着日本现代教育法规的成熟与完善阶段的到来。     

THE COMMUNITIES WE ARE REGAINING BUT NEED TO LOSE

Michael Young and Gerard Lemos’ (1997 Young, M. and Lemos, G. 1997. The communities we have lost and can regain, London: Lemos and Crane.  [Google Scholar]) text The communities we have lost and can regain has had a substantial influence on New Labour's communitarian thinking. This paper critically examines a specific aspect of New Labour's communitarian agenda, namely, its use of public housing policy to rebuild communities in order to combat social exclusion on so-called ‘sink estates’. The paper is presented in four main parts. The first part of the paper discusses how, why and to what extent ‘community’ has been lost, with particular reference to public housing estates. The second part examines why community rebuilding is now seen as the solution to the problems caused by the loss of community on public housing estates and, to this end, pays particular attention to the communitarian values that underpin New Labour's third way. The third part of the paper examines some empirical studies of community in order to highlight the key characteristics of ‘community’ and thereby develop a critical understanding of what New Labour are currently seeking to achieve. The fourth part of the paper juxtaposes this discussion of ‘community’ with a discussion of emerging socio-economic trends that have been identified in the literature on late modernity and globalization. By highlighting emerging socio-economic trends such as residential mobility into the community debate, the paper concludes by criticizing the policy of community building as ‘good for you’. Our key point is that community building restricts the residential mobility of poorer households and exacerbates (rather than combats) their social exclusion because a key indicator of social inclusion is their ability to take advantage of the social, cultural and economic opportunities that so often exist ‘elsewhere’.     

The Effects of Divorce on Men’s Employment and Social Security Histories

Analyses of the economic consequences of divorce have emphasized the negative effect of divorce for women. For men, consequences of divorce are most often believed to be social or psychological. This is not consistent with an economic literature showing the positive effects of marriage on men’s wages. Using a nationally representative life-history survey among men in the Netherlands, this paper reanalyzes the possible negative effects of a divorce for the careers of men. Complete life histories provide information on upward and downward occupational mobility as well as on unemployment and disability. Multivariate event history models show that after divorce, men experience an increased chance of becoming downwardly mobile, an increased chance of becoming unemployed, and an increased chance of becoming disabled. Additional analyses are done to assess whether these effects are spurious, due to the influence of earlier problems that men experienced in their lives, as measured by indicators of employment problems, health problems, and problems in social relationships. While these variables have an effect on the future career, they are not strong enough to eliminate the divorce effect. Implications are discussed for different theoretical hypotheses about the importance of marriage and divorce for men’s employment. Kalmijn, M., 2005, Les effects du divorce sur les histoires professionnelle et socio-médicale des hommes, Revue Européenne de Démographie, 21: 347–366.     

《我妻我女》:一个教育与影视人类学的研究展示

家庭教育、学校教育和独生子女教育是目前比较热门的话题,人类学有其独特的考察视角。影片《我妻我女》通过捕捉一对母女生活中的交往过程,展示了独生子女家庭在应对急剧变化的外在世界时所面临的矛盾和困惑。这一作品展示了教育人类学观察世界的独特视角、独特维度。     

秦朝"以吏为师"及其相关问题考辨

"以吏为师"是秦国暴政的手段之一,这种畸形教育制度的产生有其特定的历史背景.尊奉法家反对儒家是导致"以吏为师"的根本原因,分封与郡县制之争导致了"焚书坑儒"与"以吏为师","坑儒"事故使"以吏为师"的畸形制度进一步巩固.究其实质,"以吏为师"在于加强思想控制."以吏为师"破坏了秦朝的文化教育,对先秦时期行之有效的"官"、"私"学之教育制度,也是一次致命的破坏.     

社会流动视域下的教育管理：基点、举措、趋向及保障

社会流动是增强社会活力、维护社会稳定的重要因素,通过教育管理体制的改革可有效推进农村人口的向上社会流动。美国、日本、德国、英国等发达国家教育管理的相关经验能为我国提供借鉴。这些经验包括：在基础教育领域注重课程多元、教师流动和多样化办学等基点;在职业教育领域推行部门协作、均权管理和注重评估等举措;在高等教育领域形成社区化、开放化和均衡化等趋向;在继续教育领域形成立法、财政和学分互认等保障。由此得出的启示是：经费投入和使用要向农村教育倾斜;要开展成果认证和转换,为农村群体构筑社会流动通道;要完善法律制度,推进城乡一体化教育管理体制改革;要构建多维终身教育体系,促进农村人口向上社会流动。     

王阳明环境育人思想的现实价值

王阳明重视自然环境和社会环境对人的道德教育作用,特别留意用优美的自然环境与和谐的社会环境来感染人,使学生在不知不觉中受教育,这与现代德育环境论中某些理念不谋而合,值得我们借鉴。学习借鉴王阳明环境育人思想,在现时代德育教育中,我们要努力创造良好的物质环境,不断完善各项法律和规章制度,全力优化社会宏观环境,精心构建健康的微观环境,从而切实提高德育教育的渗透性和实效性。