为优质教育正名 替素质教育解困

文章针对《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》中一些值得商榷的概念和观点,指出：第一,《纲要》提优质教育很好,但只关注＂优质教育资源＂不行,因为优质教育的逻辑起点是＂教育权利与教育公平＂,优质教育质量目标是＂人人享受教育权利与保证教育全过程公平＂和人人成为＂负责公民＂;优质教育的目标人口应为全部受教育者尤其是受高等教育者;第二,＂素质教育＂的原有概念及其实施没有与时俱进;将教育的均衡发展＂剥离于＂推进素质教育之外是＂推进素质教育＂困难的主要原因。     

“以人为本”教育理念的实践探究

“以人为本”思想在学校工作中具体体现为四方面,即：教育理念上坚持“育人为本”,一切为了学生的全面发展;“以师为本”,建设一支高素质的教师队伍;不断提高学校管理水平,努力维护师生权益,实现师生幸福;积极建设体现厚重人文精神的校园文化。     

试析高等教育公平现状及解决对策

教育公平是社会公平的重要体现,是实现社会和谐的重要基础。近年来,教育公平问题受到人们的广泛关注,高等教育公平的各种问题也凸显出来。探讨教育公平的内涵,分析高等教育的公平现状,从合理配置高等教育资源、调整高校招生政策、建立补偿机制几个方面,推进高等教育公平化、合理化、透明化。     

我国高等职业教育发展现状、机遇与对策

高等职业教育是教育的重要组成部分,是推动我国工业化、现代化发展的重要力量,对我国城镇化发展、经济结构调整具有重要的意义。近年来,高职教育取得了长足的发展,但在办学模式、发展定位、资金投入、与区域经济默契发展等方面存在着一定的问题,影响了高职教育的健康发展。针对我国高职教育发展中的问题,借鉴国内外的成功改革经验,结合社会经济发展的需要,提出了促进高职教育发展的建议。     

阶层认同、地位变化和机会公平意识

机会公平是和谐社会的核心价值理念。通过对中国综合社会调查数据（CGSS）的分析发现：主观社会阶层认同越低的群体对当前社会机会公平的认同感越低;向上的社会流动能有效提升其对社会公平的认可,而其效应主要体现在主观社会阶层认同较低的群体上。在机会公平开放和程序公正的基础上推动合理有序的社会流动是塑造健康平和的社会心态的关键因素。     

中国农村人口流动的影响因素与实施对策——基于推拉理论的托达罗修正模型

中国农村剩余劳动力数量巨大,如何在城市就业空间有限的情况下有效地解决中国农村剩余劳动力的合理转移问题,是推进城镇化和提升农民收入以及实现社会稳定和可持续发展的重要举措之一。在托达罗人口流动模型的基础上,引入"推拉理论",结合中国农村人口流动实际状况,对托达罗人口流动模型进行修正,并以此构建多元回归模式进行逐步回归分析,结果表明:在农村人口流动的过程中应当加快第二、第三产业的发展,加大培训"农民工"专业技能的力度;深化体制改革,消除城乡二元分割的制度壁垒,构建城乡衔接的社会福利制度;加快工业化和城市化进程,建立城乡统一的劳动力市场,从而进一步促进农村劳动力人口向城镇的有效转移。     

Intergenerational income mobility and inequality in South Korea

Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), recent trends in intergenerational income mobility were explored, examining the relationship between income mobility and income inequality in South Korea. The study found that the intergenerational elasticity of income is about 0.2 and there is no clear‐cut trend in intergenerational income mobility. In addition, this study showed that there is no systematic relation between rising income inequality and intergenerational income mobility in contemporary Korea. Overall, the results indicate that intergenerational income mobility is irresponsive to the income inequality the respondents experienced growing up. It is assumed that education and welfare transfer programs might offset the consequences of income inequality by leading to upward mobility for children from low‐income households.     

Labor Market Segmentation,Job Mobility and the Two-track Model of Chinese Urban Workers＇ Acquisition of Economic Status

使用“2009年中国社会网络与职业经历调查”（JSNET2009）广州、上海、厦门、济南和西安五城市数据,检验了改革以后影响中国城市劳动者职业流动模式以及经济地位获得的因素。研究结果表明,高学历劳动者与低学历劳动者群体处于两个分割的劳动力市场中,他们的经济地位获得路径完全不同。对于低学历劳动者,职业流动是提升他们收入水平的最重要因素,而人力资本因素（受教育年限和工作经验）对他们的收入没有影响。高学历劳动者的情况刚好相反,职业流动对收入获得没有任何作用,影响他们收入分层的最重要因素是人力资本。本研究揭示了转型期中国城市地区不同劳动力市场劳动者的经济地位获得的二元路径模式。     

School factors helping disadvantaged students to succeed: empirical evidence from four Italian cities

This research investigates a particular category of disadvantaged students, namely those who are able to overcome a situation of socio-economical disadvantage and obtain good academic results (here named ‘resilient students’). We have used micro-data provided by the Italian National Evaluation Committee for Education and focused on class and school-level characteristics that help disadvantaged students to become resilient students when they move from primary (grade 5) to lower secondary school (grade 6), concentrating our analysis on four major cities. We employed a probit regression and a propensity score matching model, finding that class and school factors do matter. In particular, we looked at whether the performance of their peers has a positive impact on that of disadvantaged students, estimating the increased probability of these students becoming resilient.     

Walking the Tightrope: Developing a Systems Approach to Balance Safety and Mobility for an Aging Society

In an aging population, safety and mobility are often viewed as being in conflict, when in fact they are two values that must be reflected equally in transportation policy. The challenge for policy makers and for society is to emphasize and optimize both. To achieve this, a comprehensive systems approach to driver health, personal decision-making and planning, community and transportation systems construction, vehicle design, and licensing regulations is needed. Such an approach requires crafting policies based on conceptualizing the issue as a continuum of resources facilitating safety and mobility regardless of driving status. The discussion that follows reviews components of the issue and suggestions for developing a comprehensive approach.