Inequity at work: Its measurement and association with worker health

Abstract

This paper considers the extent to which stress-induced illness can be regarded as a personal injury that could give rise to civil action for damages against employers in the UK. It outlines the results of a brief survey of personal injury solicitors, which indicates that claims are already being initiated by employees who allege they have suffered a stress-induced illness. The potential for claims within industrial tribunal cases that have already been decided is also examined. Consideration is given to the hurdles that litigants will have to surmount, such as proving that their condition was in fact caused by some feature of their working conditions, showing that it was foreseeable that they would suffer a stress-based injury, and demonstrating that their employer was in some way at fault. This leads to a questioning of what employers can do to protect themselves from such claims, or at least defend them successfully. The paper points out that success is likely to depend heavily upon the quality of expert medical opinion, and also upon policy conditions that may influence those adjudicating on such cases. It is concluded that the cost of losing claims may be significant, and that employees who ignore the warning signs do so at their peril.     

中国A股市场增发效应与投资者保护

国内学者对增发效应的研究主要集中在董事会拟增发公告效应上,对增发的中长期效应较少涉及,虽然对增发公告效应的研究也很有意义,但对于倡导理性的投资者而言,则其重要性不如增发的中长期效应。本文在一个比较长的时间窗口内考察了我国A股市场1998—2004年间获准增发上市公司增发的中长期效应和增发上市日效应,实证分析结果表明,在拟增发公告效应出现5%-10%负效应基础上,流通股股东增发的中长期效应继续出现显著的负效应,并且流通股股东的超额收益率与上市公司利润增长率和增发价格折扣率显著正相关,与其它因素不存在显著的相关关系。     

价格促销对品牌资产的影响:竞争反应的高地作用

在价格促销对品牌资产的影响方面,学者们并没有形成共识,原因之一是学者们忽视了竞争者的反应行为,本文旨在探讨竞争反应对这种影响关系的调节作用。本文通过2(品牌资产梯队)×8(竞争反应)的实验设计研究表明,对不同品牌资产梯队的品牌,价格促销对品牌资产的影响存在差异;竞争反应对这种影响关系具有调节作用;竞争对手的影响主要来自同梯队品牌,相反梯队品牌的影响不显著。本文对深入了解价格促销对品牌资产的影响具有重要意义。     

品牌延伸对品牌权益影响之实证研究

品牌延伸是企业在推出新产品过程中经常采用的营销策略,也是提升品牌权益利用的重要方式.本文以问卷调查的方法,对于品牌纵向延伸策略对其品牌权益的影响进行了实证研究.研究结果证实了品牌向下延伸会对基于消费者的品牌权益产生负面影响;同时,关于品牌向上延伸对基于消费者的品牌权益产生正面影响的假设得到部分证实.最后,进一步讨论了研究结论和今后的研究方向.     

民营上市公司股权结构特征分析

本文以2001年末完成上市的112家民营上市公司为研究样本,运用非参数检验、回归分析等统计方法对民营上市公司的股权结构特征进行了实证分析,结果发现,民营上市公司与非民营上市公司股权结构存在显著差异性,并且民营上市公司业绩与股权结构呈非线性关系。     

Lévy Processes,Phase-Type Distributions,and Martingales

Lévy processes are defined as processes with stationary independent increments and have become increasingly popular as models in queueing, finance, etc.; apart from Brownian motion and compound Poisson processes, some popular examples are stable processes, variance gamma processes, CGMY Lévy processes (tempered stable processes), NIG (normal inverse Gaussian) Lévy processes, and hyperbolic Lévy processes. We consider here a dense class of Lévy processes, compound Poisson processes with phase-type jumps in both directions and an added Brownian component. Within this class, we survey how to explicitly compute a number of quantities that are traditionally studied in the area of Lévy processes, in particular two-sided exit probabilities and associated Laplace transforms, the closely related scale function, one-sided exit probabilities and associated Laplace transforms coming up in queueing problems, and similar quantities for a Lévy process with reflection in 0. The solutions are in terms of roots to polynomials, and the basic equations are derived by purely probabilistic arguments using martingale optional stopping; a particularly useful martingale is the so-called Kella-Whitt martingale. Also, the relation to fluid models with a Brownian component is discussed.     

Shifting taxes away from labour enhances equity and fiscal efficiency

This paper analyzes the effects of a hypothetical tax reform in Italy, which makes current tax credits more generous and refundable, shifting the tax burden from labour to property. Our methodology contains novel features of great relevance for policy analysis: first, a structural model of labour supply of both employees and self-employed; second, a labour market equilibrium model that encompasses demand side constraints; last, detailed tax system simulation under fiscal neutrality. The empirical findings provide guidance for policy makers’ actions to enhance equity and efficiency of tax system and confirm the relevance of the methodological approach.     

品牌敏感:消费者品牌行为研究的一个新课题

品牌在消费者购买决策过程中所占据的地位反映了消费者对品牌的敏感程度。品牌敏感与品牌权益既有差别,也有联系。本文通过模型构建阐明了品牌敏感的概念并提出其解释因素,实地调查和假设验证留待下一步研究。     

国际合资企业中的合作匹配度分析

本文提出并界定了中外合资企业合作匹配度的概念,建立了合作匹配度的计算模型与合资决策模型,分析了合资协议达成的理想匹配条件。