女神与女从——中国文学中女性伦理表现的两极性

在女性主义视阈下研究中国文学应注重其民族特色。儒家文化精神为主导的女性伦理,是中国女性历史上主体位置缺席的“元凶”。然而,儒家伦理之于女性又呈现二律背反现象。儒家伦理的妇德将女性置于“从属”地位,儒家伦理中的孝道在中国“母性崇拜”的历史文化背景中又将作为母亲的女性推到社会主体文化表述者位置。这形成中国女性处境不同于西方女子的特殊性与复杂性,也是中国古代文学“女神”般的母亲形象与处于男性附属地位的“女从”形象两极化表现的缘由。它导致中国女性在自我意识的觉醒、自我解放的自觉性方面整体地迟钝于西方女性。     

国家--社会视域中的传统民间伦理

在中国传统伦理文化中,不仅存在以正统教化伦理为代表的"大传统",而且还存在以民间伦理为代表的"小传统".后者作为植根于民间生活土壤中的民众不加矫饰的价值观念,更为真实地展示了民族伦理生活的生命律动.在国家与社会互动的格局中,民间伦理与正统教化伦理之间既矛盾对立又相生相长,构成了传统社会伦理生活的真实景观.     

论生态伦理及其内涵

有人认为生态伦理就是人际伦理的移用,就是把社会道德规范、原则简单移用到环境事务中来。这样来理解生态伦理是肤浅的,忽略了其质的规定性。其实,生态伦理就是指人类在关于自然环境、生态环境的实践活动中所形成的伦理关系及其调节原则,其内涵包括两个紧密联系的方面:首先,它表征的是一种客观的关系,即人与自然之间的道德关系;其次,它是用以调整相应的关系的积极手段,即生态道德。     

《查泰莱夫人的情人》之生态女性主义伦理管窥

D·H·劳伦斯的名作《查泰莱夫人的情人》是一部颇受争议的书,然而其主题却是严肃而深刻的。本文从自然和社会两个方面挖掘书中所体现的生态女性主义伦理:在自然领域,主张人与自然和谐共处;在社会领域,反对阶级歧视,并声援处于边缘的弱势群体——女性。     

对生态伦理本质的哲学思考

生态伦理学作为一个新的交叉学科,具有很重要的理论内涵和实践意义.人与自然之间的关系从哲学上说,归根到底是一种价值关系.生态伦理要求人们将生态价值和人类主体作为整体来思考和对待.保护自然的最深刻根源和持久动力应该是发自人内心的需求,人需要自然,人更需要热爱自然.     

Adaptive Crossover Design for Normal Responses

In a response-adaptive design, we review and update the trial on the basis of outcomes in order to achive a specific goal. In clinical trials our goal is to allocate a larger number of patients to the better treatment. In the present paper, we use a response adaptive design in a two-treatment two-period crossover trial where the treatment responses are continuous. We provide probability measures to choose between the possible treatment combinations AA, AB, BA, or BB. The goal is to use the better treatment combination a larger number of times. We calculate the allocation proportions to the possible treatment combinations and their standard errors. We also derive some asymptotic results and provide solutions on related inferential problems. The proposed procedure is compared with a possible competitor. Finally, we use a data set to illustrate the applicability of our proposed design.     

Confidentiality,power relations and evaluation of potential harm in the study of the personal and organizational networks of travel agents in Moscow

Network research in organizational contexts faces ethical challenges related to revealing the identity of participants, managing power relations, and managing the interests and potential harms of the different stakeholders. In this article, we review the ethical issues associated with the investigation of the personal and organizational networks of travel agents in Moscow. In our case study, we interviewed 32 tourism agents from Moscow and its region, obtaining information on 45 people with whom they have regular relation as part of their work; and relational data, with a 2-mode matrix, on 15 organizations with which the agency could be linked in the Russian-Andalusian tourism market. Our results highlight the utility of presenting the information of personal networks in an aggregate manner. It also demonstrates the value of cultural adaptation strategies and adjustment to the characteristics of the community. Moreover, the central role of power relations in organizations, within a cultural context with a greater distance to authority was also found.     

The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations

Successful managers and leaders need to effectively navigate their organizational worlds, from motivating customers and employees to managing diversity to preventing and resolving conflicts. Perspective-taking is a psychological process that is particularly relevant to each of these activities. The current review critically examines perspective-taking research conducted by both management scholars and social psychologists and specifies perspective-taking's antecedents, consequences, mechanisms, and moderators, as well as identifies theoretical and/or empirical shortfalls. Our summary of the current state of perspective-taking research offers three important contributions. First, we offer a new definition of perspective-taking: the active cognitive process of imagining the world from another's vantage point or imagining oneself in another's shoes to understand their visual viewpoint, thoughts, motivations, intentions, and/or emotions. Second, we highlight that although perspective-taking has many positive benefits for managers and leaders, it also carries with it the potential for perverse effects. Third, we argue that previous theoretical lenses to understand perspective-taking's goal are insufficient in light of all the available evidence. Instead, we offer a new theoretical proposition to capture the full range of perspective-taking's positive and negative effects: perspective-taking helps individuals effectively navigate a world filled with mixed-motive social interactions. Our mixed-motive model of perspective-taking not only captures the current findings but also offers new directions for future research.     

先秦赋税伦理思想的本质内涵及其批判

究竟国家最高赋税权力应该由君主一个人独掌还是由全体公民共同执掌,这是赋税伦理研究必须直面的根本与核心问题。先秦赋税伦理思想的共同特征是：主张国家最高赋税权力应该全部由君主一个人独掌。其差别仅仅在于君主是应该遵循赋税道德独掌,实行王道赋税;还是应该不遵循赋税道德,不受任何约束地独掌赋税最高权力。先秦赋税伦理是一种极为片面...     

根治当代灾疫的社会学思考（上）

当代灾疫,是一个世界性难题,需要进行全球生态化的社会学重建。这一重建工作的首要任务是重建灾疫防治的伦理认知体系：首先引导社会重新认识人性和再造人性,为重建当代灾疫防治伦理认知体系奠定基石。在此基础上,一是构建以生命中心论、整体生态观和生态逻辑优先观为基本内容的灾疫防治伦理认知论;二是创建灾疫防治伦理方法论,主要包括灾疫...