《地下水污染与防治》课程双语教学研究与实践

双语教学是国内各高等院校提高教育教学质量的举措之一。依据课程设置特点,合肥工业大学在教学中对环境工程专业开设的《地下水污染与防治》课程双语教学模式进行了改进。对授课效果的调查结果表明,该教学模式可行、教学效果良好;文章结合教学实践对此进行了分析。     

RFID as an Enabler of Improved Manufacturing Performance*

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) versus bar coding has been debated with little quantitative research about how to best use RFID's capabilities and when RFID is more advantageous. This article responds to that need by qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing how RFID facilitates increased traceability and control in manufacturing, which in turn enables the use of more lot splitting and smaller lot sizes. We develop insights about operating policies (RFID vs. bar‐code tracking mechanisms, extent of lot splitting, and dispatching rules) and an operating condition (setup to processing time ratio) that affect the mean flow time and proportion of jobs tardy in a job shop. A simulation model is used to control factors in the experimental design and the output is evaluated using analysis of variance. The results show the following: (i) performance worsens when bar coding is used with extensive lot splitting, (ii) process changes such as extensive lot splitting may be required to justify RFID use instead of bar coding, (iii) the earliest operation due date dispatching rule offers an attractive alternative to other rules studied in previous lot splitting research, and (iv) the performance improvements with RFID and increased lot splitting are larger when the setup to processing time ratio is smaller. In a broader context, we fill a research void by quantitatively showing how RFID can be used as an advanced manufacturing technology that enables more factory automation and better performance along several dimensions. The article concludes by summarizing the results and identifying ideas for future research.     

实验市场中的股权结构、信息与控制权收益

实验室环境下的决策过程研究可以较好地考察决策变量的行为基础和动态临界值.本文以中国股市中的股权结构为背景,在实验框架下考察了股权结构、信息披露和控制权收益的关系.文章先从理论上计算股东的夏普利值并以此代表股东控制权.再分不同设置变量来实验地考察控制权收益.结果表明:(1)股东控制权越平均,控制权收益越少;大股东与小股东形成"核"联盟的机会越多,其取得控制权的机会越少.(2)信息对控制权收益的影响主要体现在信息在联盟的形成和维持中的作用.(3)大股东夏普利值的高低和信息情况决定了联盟的方式.(4)控制权溢价并不一定就是控制权收益,也许只是大股东为防止自身利益被侵害而支付的成本.(5)信息不完全不一定是坏事,部分信息的隐含更能增加公司的分配效率.     

国外毒品相关犯罪防控的社会政策及评价

毒品引发的犯罪问题已经引起国际社会广泛关注,各国出台了各种措施防控毒品引发的犯罪,基本形成了一套普遍性和针对性相结合的社会政策体系。本文总结区分3个层次:针对社会整体状况及一般公民的普遍性预防政策、针对极有可能成为毒品相关犯罪的受害者或犯罪者的特定防控政策以及针对参与过毒品相关犯罪人群的专项防控政策;并以此为线索系统梳理评价政策实施效果的相关理论和实证研究成果,为我国制定相关政策提供相关启示和借鉴。     

中国的生育水平——基于模拟的验证

中国的实际生育水平一直存在争议,2010年的普查数据为我们提供了考察生育水平的新证据。本文根据2000年人口普查资料,使用人口模拟模型,选取不同的生育水平方案,来模拟2001—2010年历年的出生人口数量和2010年的人口总量,以判断2000—2010年生育水平。结果表明,现行的总和生育率在1.7以下,1.6左右,2010年在1.6以下,但降到1.5以下的可能性也非常大。为了避免低生育的更进一步的严重后果,中国应该适时地完善生育政策。     

非正式控制对销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的影响

正式控制的局限性、企业对客户关系的重视以及销售人员素质的提高,使得企业越发重视销售人员的非正式控制,但是关于非正式控制对销售人员绩效和客户关系质量影响的研究还较少,非正式控制时销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的作用机制与作用效果还没有得到有效验证.本文在理论分析的基础上,建立了非正式控制影响销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的概念模型和研究假设,并进行了实证检验.结果表明:非正式控制对绩效既有直接影响,也有间接影响,其中间接影响的中介变量为角色明晰性:非正式控制只能通过角色明晰性和情感性承诺对客户关系质量产生间接影响,而对客户关系质量的直接影响不显著.非正式控制对角色明晰性、情感性承诺、绩效、客户关系质量影响的总效应分别为0.38、0.51、0.48、0.48.实证研究结果为企业强化销售人员的非正式控制提供了理论支撑,对其他员工管理控制的研究与实践也具有借鉴意义.     

Tobacco Control and Smoking Cessation Efforts in an Inner-City African American Community

This paper describes the conceptual framework that guided the development and implementation of a large-scale, community-based health initiative to lower the prevalence of smoking in an urban African American community. This project developed culturally-sensitive approaches to reducing smoking in the community and to promoting tobacco control efforts developed and implemented by community members. A randomized clinical-trial methodology was used to test the efficacy of the culturally-sensitivey community-developed smoking cessation interventions in lowering smoking rates as compared with a self-help approach. Two theoretical models guided the intervention strategies: a macro-level model applicable to the community as a whole, and a psychological process model applicable to individuals. The community model was based on community systems theory and incorporated the Readiness for Change Model which was applied in both the individual and organizational models. In addition, culturally-sensitive data collection methods were developed to improve the reliability and validity of project data, especially in determining the smoking prevalence rates and smoking behaviors of hard-to-reach, inner-city African Americans. Since the health of individuals is related to the health of their communities, smoking cessation and tobacco control activities that are integrated into the framework of the community (Le., churches, city-council, housing developments, community organizations), and incorporate culturally-relevant and specific interventions can be effective methods for achieving behavioral and societal change.     

Motivating Social Work Students in Statistics Courses

Statistical literacy provides an advantage to social work practitioners in promoting client interests. The social work literature has provided some suggestions for improving instruction in statistics courses, but the goal of motivating students in statistics courses has remained elusive. The ARCS model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) is a model for instructional design developed to enhance learner motivation. The ARCS model can be utilized to increase interest in, and learning of, any social work course content. This article applies the ARCS model to social work statistics courses, integrating current literature, providing concrete examples, and illustrating how learner motivation can be enhanced to improve social work education.