Marriage form and fertility in rural China: an investigation in three counties

Using data from two surveys in three counties where the prevalence of uxorilocal marriage differs greatly, this paper analyzes impact of marriage form, individual, family, and social factors on fertility and its regional differences. The results show that, under the Chinese patrilineal joint family system, uxorilocal marriage does not universally increase fertility, which is likely to be determined by other factors. It is further found that fertility differs greatly in the three regions, and is significantly lower in regions where uxorilocal marriage is common than in regions where virilocal marriage is dominant. Women’s marriage cohort, age at first marriage, and number of sisters all have significant effects on fertility. These findings address the process and consequences of change in rural family and marriage customs during the current demographic and social transition.     

城市老年人参与社会公益活动的意愿及其影响因素

影响城市老年人参与志愿服务等社会公益活动意愿的众多因素中,文化程度、收入状况、年龄层次和社会奉献意识等作用显著。研究结果较好地解释了我国老年志愿者活动尚未成为广泛的老年市民活动、其主体构成还停留在"老年精英"层面的现状。     

少子老龄化时代人口学教育的若干思考

少子化、老龄化和人口减少问题将对人类社会的持续发展产生深远的影响,如何引导人们以长期和超长期的视野来考量少子化问题,形成适应新时代的新人口观,正是少子老龄化、人口减少时代人口学教育的责任和意义所在。而更替水平这一基本概念和人口增减机理有助于学生对人口减少等问题的正确理解。     

论陕西省人口的低生育率水平

自70年代初大力推行计划生育以来,陕西的计划生育工作取得了巨大成就,人口过快增长的现象得到了有效控制,实现了人口再生产类型的转变,进入到低生育水平时期。21世纪初,中央作出了《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》,提出了新时期人口与计划生育工作的主要任务是转向稳定低生育水平,提高出生人口素质。如何按照中央的要求进一步做好人口与计划生育工作,本文就陕西的低生育水平现状、存在问题及稳定低生育水平的不利因素作了进一步的分析研究,强调要充分认识到人口与计划生育工作的长期性、严峻性和复杂性,必须克服盲目乐观情绪,保持清醒头脑,坚持以人为本,提高计划生育服务质量和管理水平,才能保证低生育水平的稳定,促进人口与经济社会资源协调发展与可持续发展。     

Welfare benefits and birth decisions of never-married women

For some time now, the out-of-wedlock birthrate has been increasing rapidly in the United States. This has prompted several states to propose (and in some cases, enact) legislation to deny access to higher AFDC benefits for families in which the mother gives birth while receiving AFDC. The authors investigate whether AFDC benefit levels are systematically related to the family-size decisions of never-married women. Using a bivariate probit model with state and time fixed effects, applied to Current Population Survey data for the years 1980–1988, it is found that the basic benefit level for a family of two (one adult and one child) and the incremental benefit for a second child positively affects the family size decisions of black and Hispanic women, but not of white women. The effects are concentrated among high school dropouts (no effects are found for high school graduates). The authors conclude that rather than to uniformly deny benefits to all AFDC women that bear children, a better targeted policy might be to alter the AFDC benefit structure in such a way as to encourage single mothers to complete high school. However, being a high school dropout might be a proxy for some other underlying characteristic of the woman, and encouraging women to complete high school who otherwise would not might have no effect whatsoever on nonmarital births.     

低生育率水平下人口发展的经济后果分析

本文分析了低生育率水平下人口发展对未来我国经济发展的积极影响 ,同时指出它是一把双刃剑 ,同样也有不利于经济发展的后果。为了既充分发挥低生育水平的积极作用 ,又逐步消除或缓解其不良后果 ,一方面要适时地调整现行生育政策 ,选择适当的总和生育率水平 ,另一方面要构建相应的政策支持体系予以支撑。     

广东妇女生育水平的变化及影响因素分析

根据第五次人口曾查资料,本文详细描述了广东妇女生育水平的现状。并从实际出发,对影响广东省生育水平和生育机制的农村生育模式,生育孩次构成,文化水平和职业构成等四个重要因素进行分析。最后,就稳定广东省低生育水平,提高人口科学管理等问题提出三点建议。     

"四个多样化"对人们生育意识的影响及对策

阐述了经济成分和经济利益多样化、社会生活方式多样化、社会组织形式多样化和就业岗位与就业形式多样化对人们生育心理的影响 ,提出了消除这些消极影响的对策及建议。     

我国生育率转变的微观经济分析

生育率转变,即生育率下降是经济、政治、社会、文化等多种因素综合作用的结果。影响我国生育率转变的微观经济因素主要有家庭收入、家庭经济类型、家庭消费模式和生活质量等。     

从全球人口百年(1950～2050)审视我国人口国策的抉择

基于“人口众多”这一基本国情,我国自20世纪80年代前后采取了严格控制人口增长的政策。对于这一政策应科学、全面地衡量其利害得失。文章利用全球人口资料和我国历次人口普查及人口预测资料,从人口规模、结构的发展变化作实证研究。最终认为,我国的人口国策是利大于弊。