经济体制变迁中的收入差距问题研究

本文通过对我国不同经济体制下收入分配模式及分配格局的对比分析, 认为收入分配总是与特定的经济体制相关联的。因而, 引起当前我国收入差距扩大的合理及不合理因素, 均可从当前经济体制变迁中找到根源。在体制变迁的过程中, 逐步消除导致收入分配差距不合理扩大的制度性因素, 不仅有利于收入差距的缩小, 更有利于市场经济体制的完善。     

新疆与东部地区经济发展差异的制度视角分析

现存新疆与东部地区经济发展差异原因的各种理论都有失子现象化。其实，制度因素是造成新疆与东部地区经济发展差异深层次的原因。本文认为地方政府提供的正式制度，主要是要素配置市场化制度，产权制度、分配制度、对外开放制度以及行政管理制度能否满足微观经济主体的市场化制度需求，以及由此带来的对于区域非正式制度向着市场化需求方向变迁的程度与效率。正是这些方面的滞后才是造成新疆经济发展差异深层次的原因。     

后喻文化背景下我国代沟现象微探

后喻文化背景下,我国代沟现象出现新的特点,即代际根本利益的一致性、代际影响的相互性、代际评价的理解性、代沟影响的双重性。代际间要正视和理解代沟,相互尊重,共同致力于代沟弱化;亲代和子代要提高各自的媒介素养,拓展沟通渠道;淡化文化的区别化、对象化,构建代际间沟通平台;长者和教师在与子代的沟通中要注重方法的艺术性;子代要学会反思和换位思考,主动关心亲代的娱乐和生活。     

Terms for Intergenerational Relations Among the Tumbuka of Northern Malawi

ABSTRACT

Culturally enshrined ideas about generational relations affect language, the use of language, and linguistic conventions for expressing these ideas. Generation terms (or age-set terms) distinguish people in the social group according to their age and sex. The age set is a formally organized group of youths, or men or women which has collectively passed through a series of stages each of which has distinctive status, ceremonial, military or other activities. Membership of the group frequently involves ritual in initiation, accompanied by special teaching of the community's law and customs, instructions in sexual matters, and, in some societies, physical initiation that is the mark of attainment of maturity. But how is the system of intergenerational relationship manifested in a particular social group? How do the members of each generation use language differently? How does language treat the generations differently? How do such differences affect our perceptions, attitudes and behavior in everyday life? How do language and behavior reflect unity of the generation groups and their relationship to each other? In this paper we are going to examine the social, cultural, and linguistic characteristics that focus on features common to members of a particular generation and account for its relationship to other generations. We will do this by looking at the Tumbuka of northern Malawi, and examining their social organization and the system of terms and social behavior that is employed in addressing and referring to members of a particular generation. The learning of generation-type language by children and cross-cultural aspects of these questions will be considered.     

基于差距分析的绿色供应链标杆测评

绿色供应链从战略高度对组织的实践活动进行环境管理,通过提高资源利用率,消除废弃物,减少业务活动对环境的影响,可以赢得企业在革新和经营上的竞争优势.文章对比了反向供应链与绿色供应链在功能上的不同,采用基于差距分析法的标杆测评,评估了供应链的绿色度,绘制的蛛网图可反映出当前供应链与目标供应链之间的绿色度差距.企业可以据此来优化供应链的业务流程,合理配置资源.     

The Pro‐Elderly Bias of Social Policies in Israel: A Historical‐Institutional Account

Accelerated population ageing and high voting turnout rates among elderly voters in recent decades have led many social scientists to predict increasing pro‐elderly biases in the social policies of mature welfare states. This article investigates and empirically estimates the evolving age orientation of social policies in Israel, which is a comparatively young society that has nevertheless aged significantly since independence in 1948. We present a historical and qualitative overview of the development of policy efforts towards different age groups and develop an Elderly/Non‐elderly Spending Ratio at four points in time between 1975 and 2005. We argue that in its first five decades, the Israeli welfare state uniquely combined a broadly universalistic and citizenship‐based outlook with a number of significant particularistic spending biases towards specific subgroups. But from the second half of the 1990s onwards, the pro‐elderly policy bias of the Israeli welfare state has strongly increased. These findings support Lynch's thesis for 21 OECD countries, which posits that a shift from a universal to a more occupationally based institutional model of welfare will result in a higher pro‐elderly bias of social spending.     

养老倒逼婚姻：理解当前农村早婚现象的一个视角

农村近年来重新出现早婚高潮,早婚率甚至已经逼近上世纪80年代的水平。本文基于豫东西村的实地调查,认为当前农村的早婚现象是代际关系变动的结果,即养老倒逼婚姻：父母希望早日完成人生任务以便趁年轻力壮为自己积攒养老资源,子女在接受早婚要求的同时也通过婚姻向父母索取了大量家庭财富,代际之间的理性博弈助推了早婚的出现。在未来相当长的时期内,由代际关系变动推动的早婚仍将存在并可能有所发展。     

中国城镇居民收入差异比较——基于不同统计视角的解释

基于两种不同的统计视角,采用锡尔系数与基尼系数来一同分析中国城镇居民收入差异。以行政区划为统计基础的中国城镇居民统计数据显示了1985—2008年中国区域间（省际间）城镇居民的高低收入差异不明显,处于高度均衡状态,1994年前,中国区域间（省际间）的城镇居民收入差异有所扩大,但1994年后。中国区域间（省际间）的城镇居民收入差异趋于稳定;以家庭户为统计基础的统计数据则得到了相反的结论,1985年以来中国城镇居民收入的高低差异不断扩大,2002年基尼系数已增加到0．40701,已进入贫富差距的警戒线,此后一直大于0．4,处于收入差距偏大的层次。现实中,只有以单个的人为单位来进行统计。然后对人与人之间的收入差距情况进行全体测算,才会得出最完善的结论。     

中国货币需求函数与货币缺口统计研究

 本文深入研究了货币需求的影响因素,并结合1998年以来中国经济金融发展变化情况,利用1998-2010年的经济金融季度时序数据构建了中国货币需求函数的协整模型。根据中国货币需求函数模型和货币缺口的波动情况,本文还深入分析了1998年以来影响中国货币需求的主要因素及其内在原因,揭示了中国在不同阶段的货币供需状况。     

基本面因素与人民币均衡汇率

测算方法的差异使得对人民币均衡汇率水平的不同研究的测度结果大相径庭。本文借鉴新近研究,引入生产率和国外净资产变量,采用经常账户缺口法、基本行为均衡方法的误差修正模型和ML-ARCH模型测度了人民币汇率的均衡区间;并探讨了决定均衡汇率变化的基本面因素。结果证实人民币被低估的水平并不十分显著,生产率的提升、贸易条件变化和增长导向的经济发展模式和外汇储备是决定均衡汇率变化趋势的关键基本面因素;均衡汇率变化的估值效应能够显著影响国外净资产水平。