医院糖尿病教育的效应和影响因素

目的：探讨医院开展的糖尿病教育在提高糖尿病患者自我管理能力中的作用以及影响因素。方法：随机抽取门诊2型糖尿病患者124例，按是否参加医院糖尿病教育将其分为糖尿病教育组（EG）和非糖尿病教育组（NEG），再分别调查2005年1月至2006年7月和2006年7月至2008年1月两个时间区间内各组患者年龄、性别、文化程度、自我管理能力、糖尿病知识水平、因糖尿病住院比例的变化。结果：两组患者年龄、性别、文化程度无差异。教育后，EG组各指标均改善明显，而NEG组仅运动水平和糖尿病知识水平有所提高。在EG组，文化程度越高，教育后各项指标上升越明显。结论：医院糖尿病教育可明显提高患者的糖尿病知识水平。提高患者的自我管理能力．最终降低患者因糖尿病住院的比例。患者文化程度越高．收益越大。     

葡萄糖耐受者空腹甘油三酯与重IGF-1启动子区的多态性研究

目的为了检测IGF-1基因启动子区的微卫星多态性中的等位基因与Ⅱ型糖尿病的相关性,并在葡萄糖耐受性人群中进行相关性状的定量分析。方法 IGF-1基因启动子多态性的研究通过对347名Ⅱ型糖尿病患者和109名葡萄糖耐受性者作为对照进行的研究。结果本研究没有发现启动子区缺少等位基因的与Ⅱ型糖尿病或是葡萄糖耐受性者中的葡萄糖耐受机制间存在相互关系(P =0．25)。在Ⅱ型葡萄糖耐受性糖尿病患者的空腹血清甘油三酯水平与野生型等位基因间存在相互关系(P=0．002)。结论本研究表明,IGF-1基因启动子多态性的野生型等位基因与葡萄糖耐受性人群空腹血清甘油三酯水平增加之间存在相互关系。     

合并2型糖尿病的老年男性患者雄激素缺乏综合症与骨质疏松的关系

目的探讨合并2型糖尿病的老年男性患者雄激素缺乏综合症(PADAM)与骨质疏松的关系.方法老年男性雄激素缺乏综合症患者35例,伴2型糖尿病的PADAM患者36例,均采用放射免疫法测定游离睾酮(FT),定量CT测定骨密度(BMD),同时测定空腹和餐后2h血糖及糖化血红蛋白.结果伴有2型糖尿病的PADAM组FT水平和BMD低于PADAM组,后者又低于对照组(P＜0.001).结论老年男性雄激素缺乏综合症是骨质疏松发生的重要原因,若伴有糖尿病将加重骨质疏松的程度.     

糖尿病与藏医

文章以藏医《四部医典》、《八支精要释论》等一些重要藏医典籍的记述为基础,简要介绍了藏医对糖尿病的病因、症状、诊断和治疗方面的基本知识。     

Diabetic Risk Taking: The Role of Information,Education and Medication

Diet adherence is a key determinant in minimizing the risk of diabetic health complications. Diabetics who ignore their doctor's advice, concerning diet, smoking and exercise, are taking a gamble. Food product innovation, improved understanding about the benefits of tight diabetic compliance, and increased information dissemination all provide incentives for diabetics to modify their behavior. This paper uses repeated cross-sections of the NHANES from 1971–1994 to document that diabetics are making better choices over time relative to earlier cohorts and relative to non-diabetics. They smoke less than their non-diabetic counterparts. Their consumption of cholesterol has fallen sharply and they are reducing their alcohol and sweets consumption. New medications have played an important role in improving diabetic quality of life. This paper studies whether access to improved diabetic medicine has created offsetting incentives such that diet compliance falls. I find little evidence that the more medicated display worse health habits.     

The influence of comorbidities on the aging males’ symptoms scale in patients with erectile dysfunction

Objectives: To investigate if certain common age-related comorbidities are related with a positive aging males’ symptoms (AMS) test outcome.

Methods: This was a multicentric, transversal, observational study carried out in a male population with erectile dysfunction. Comorbidities and testosterone levels were registered. The relationship between comorbidities, testosterone levels, and the AMS test outcomes was studied using the global score and the sub-scale score components.

Results: The study included 1112 patients. In the multivariate analysis the global score strongly correlated with TT?p?Conclusion: Although the AMS test is related to low levels of testosterone, it is also of some limited use for diagnosing hypogonadism because it has low specificity and is influenced by pathologies that are frequent during ageing.     

体育锻炼可以预防衰老

体育锻炼可以预防衰老张延玺（南阳师专体育系，４７３０６１）１人体发生衰老变化的基础人们都希望延年益寿．推迟衰老。在今天，这种希望已不是过份的奢望。因为，根据人体发生衰老变化的基础，以探索推迟和预防衰老的方法，势在必行。人体发生衰老变化的基础，是组成人...     

Factors that positively influence in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding among women with gestational diabetes: An integrative review

ProblemWomen with gestational diabetes have higher rates of introducing infant formula before leaving hospital.BackgroundDespite health professional support, less women with gestational diabetes exclusively breastfeed in hospital.AimTo find factors that positively influence in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding practices among women with gestational diabetes.MethodsAn online search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. Studies containing the keywords gestational diabetes and breastfeeding were retrieved.FindingsAuthors identified 1935 papers from search criteria. Twenty-six papers with no restrictions on research design met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Factors were divided into personal, antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal factors. The main modifiable factors that were associated with improved in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates were having a strong intention to breastfeed, being confident, feeling supported and having continuity of education and support. Women’s main reasons to introduce formula were related to baby’s hypoglycaemia, delayed lactogenesis II and perceived low milk supply. Skin-to-skin contact after birth combined with frequent breastfeeds were effective ways to improve in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates.ConclusionInfluencing factors such as women’s breastfeeding intention, confidence and ongoing support are no different to the general population of women. However, promoting skin-to-skin contact after birth combined with frequent feeds are crucial for women with gestational diabetes who are more likely to introduce formula due to delayed lactogenesis II and fear of neonatal hypoglycaemia. There is a need for developing educational and supportive interventions that are tailored specifically for women who have gestational diabetes.     

Comparing Self-Rated Health, Satisfaction and Quality of Life Scores Between Diabetics and Others Living in The Bella Coola Valley

Objective: To investigate the relative effect that diabetes has on self-rated health, satisfaction with various specific domains of life, and satisfaction with quality of life operationalized as happiness, satisfaction with life as a whole, and satisfaction with overall quality of life. Design: Mixed methods – mailed survey and chart review. Study Population: All people aged 17 years or older, residing in the Bella Coola Valley in September 2001 and having a chart at the Bella Coola Medical Clinic. Main outcome measures: Self-rated health, self-rated stress, rating of self-care received, global life satisfaction (Life as whole; Overall standard of living; Overall quality of life; and Overall happiness); and satisfaction with various domains of life. Results: A total of 968 useable surveys were returned for a response rate of 56 (968/1734). Age was negatively related to General Health, but positively related to Life Satisfaction. Not being of Aboriginal descent was positively related to all of the four global health indicators and to Subjective Well-Being. After accounting for age, race, and weight, we found that diabetics report significantly poorer self-rated health, and lower satisfaction with health scores compared to people without diabetes. Participants with diabetes who were the least compliant with their treatment regimens rated their current health significantly lower than those who were the most compliant. People with diabetes were, however, no more likely to be unhappy or dissatisfied with their lives as a whole or with the overall quality of their lives compared to people without diabetes. Among people with diabetes, however, those who used insulin did report significantly less satisfaction with the overall quality of their lives than those who didn’t use insulin. Conclusion: Diabetics understand they have poorer health than others, but they do not have poorer global life satisfaction scores. This may explain why it is difficult to get diabetics to adopt behaviours which may lower their quality of life – e.g., diet plans, lose weight, engage in exercise programs, or take medications.     

Postnatal gestational diabetes mellitus follow-up: Perspectives of Australian hospital clinicians and general practitioners

Problem

The reasons for low postnatal screening rates for women with gestational diabetes mellitus are not well understood. Multiple care providers, settings and changes to diagnostic criteria, may contribute to confusion over postnatal care. Quality of communication between clinicians may be an important influence for the completion of postnatal gestational diabetes mellitus follow-up.