Psychosocial risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain: A systematic review

BackgroundExcessive weight gain during pregnancy can have adverse health outcomes for mother and infant throughout pregnancy. However, few studies have identified the psychosocial factors that contribute to women gaining excessive weight during pregnancy.AimTo review the existing literature that explores the impact of psychosocial risk factors (psychological distress, body image dissatisfaction, social support, self-efficacy and self-esteem) on excessive gestational weight gain.MethodsA systematic review of peer-reviewed English articles using Academic Search Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, Informit, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted. Quantitative studies that investigated psychosocial factors of excessive GWG, published between 2000 and 2014 were included. Studies investigating mothers with a low risk of mental health issues and normally-developing foetuses were eligible for inclusion. From the total of 474 articles located, 12 articles were identified as relevant and were subsequently reviewed in full.FindingsSignificant associations were found between depression, body image dissatisfaction, and social support with excessive gestational weight gain. No significant relationships were reported between anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, or self-esteem and excessive gestational weight gain.ConclusionThe relationship between psychosocial factors and weight gain in pregnancy is complex; however depression, body dissatisfaction and social support appear to have a direct relationship with excessive gestational weight gain. Further research is needed to identify how screening for, and responding to, psychosocial risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain can be successfully incorporated into current antenatal care.     

共建共享理念下增强人民获得感的路径研究

以共建共享理念引领人民增强获得感有助于增进人民福祉,维护国家长治久安,增强共产党执政权威。获得感的提出对 于我国特色社会主义建设具有重要的时代价值,但我国人民获得感目前存在物质基础尚不牢固、获得感的分配结构尚待完善、 获得感的精神建设亟需加强等问题。在共建共享理念的引领下,要构建服务型政府,为人民增强获得感提供机制保障;要推进 民生普惠,作为人民增强获得感的决胜要素;要促进基层治理能力现代化,完善人民增强获得感的网格网络;要推动公共产品 供给,打通人民获得感的“最后一公里”。     

Price Manipulation and Quasi‐Arbitrage

In an environment where trading volume affects security prices and where prices are uncertain when trades are submitted, quasi‐arbitrage is the availability of a series of trades that generate infinite expected profits with an infinite Sharpe ratio. We show that when the price impact of trades is permanent and time‐independent, only linear price‐impact functions rule out quasi‐arbitrage and thus support viable market prices. When trades have also a temporary price impact, only the permanent price impact must be linear while the temporary one can be of a more general form. We also extend the analysis to a time‐dependent framework.     

运动对去卵巢大鼠的影响

目的:研究不同强度运动对去卵巢大鼠骨量以外的其它因素的影响.方法:以三月龄SD 大鼠去卵巢作为绝经妇女模型,采取不同强度跑台运动( 中等强度和大强度运动) 与正常对照组和去卵巢对照组进行比较,测定各组大鼠的体重、摄食量、小腿三头肌重量和体积、股骨长度和宽度,以了解不同强度运动对去卵巢大鼠的影响.结果:去卵巢大鼠体重明显增加,以中等强度组大鼠的增加最显著,各组大鼠体重的增加并不伴随摄食量的增加.中等强度和大强度的跑台运动均可增加肌肉重量,有利于股骨的长长,而大强度运动不能增加肌肉的体积,对股骨的长长无作用.两种强度的运动对去卵巢大鼠股骨的增宽均无作用.结论:中等强度运动对去卵巢大鼠产生积极性作用,大强度运动对去卵巢大鼠无明显作用.     

实验《相对分子质量的测定(凝固点降低法)》的探讨

在用凝固点降低法测定物质相对分子质量的实验中引入磁力搅拌器,使操作易于控制,同时减少系统误差     

The Relationship Between Weight and Career Payoffs Among Women

The thesis that weight affects women's life chances for reaching high-status, white-collar jobs is tested with survey data gathered from a large aerospace organization (N = 306). It is hypothesized that women who are at or below their desirable weight will have higher incomes and occupational positions than women who are overweight, with human capital variables controlled. It is further hypothesized that weight will be most related to occupational position in male-dominated occupations and in occupations that involve frequent contact outside the firm. Results show that weight is related to income, but only at entry-level professional/managerial occupations. Weight is significantly related to occupational position, especially so in male-dominated occupations. Weight is not more strongly related to occupational position in jobs involving outside contact. Findings are consistent with the interpretation that discrimination based on weight in the general society extends to the inner workings of workplace organizations.     

中国地区失业率的邻居效应实证分析

本文通过空间权重法和空间虚拟变量法设计了中国地区失业率邻居效应变量,并将其加入地区失业率模型后使用1995～2007年中国省域数据进行实证研究。实证结果表明中国地区失业率邻居效应显著存在,这表明毗邻省份失业情况会明显影响本地区失业率水平,这意味着本省在进行就业政策制定时需考虑毗邻省份的实际情况,与此同时,毗邻省份间的充分沟通与合作应成为减少本省遭受外部失业冲击影响的可能措施。     

解读人类战争历史

无论是"战争"还是"和平",在人类历史长河中都只是人类生存的手段和在某一时段的存在状态,它们都不是永恒的;而是随着人们的生存利益的变化和价值判断的变化而变化的,并随着这种变化显现在人类的不同的发展时期与阶段。在物质与精神互动中,我们发现了人类灵魂的弱点,同时也看到了人类灵魂的能量,人类是可以自救的。     

The needs and experiences of women with gestational diabetes mellitus from minority ethnic backgrounds in high-income nations: A systematic integrative review

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a growing challenge worldwide, with significant risks to both the mother and baby that extend beyond the duration of the pregnancy and immediate post-partum period. Women from ethnic minority groups who access GDM care in high-income settings face particular challenges. The aim of this systematic integrative review is to explore the experiences and needs of women with GDM from select ethnic groups in high-income healthcare settings.MethodsFor the purposes of this systematic integrative review, a comprehensive search strategy explored the electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for primary studies that explored the needs and experiences of women with gestational diabetes from select ethnic minority groups living in high-income nations. The ethnicity of the women in the study included: East, South and Southeast Asian, Indian subcontinent, Aboriginal/First Nations, Torres Strait Islander, Pacific Islander, Māori, Middle Eastern, African, or South/Latina American. Studies were assessed with the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and findings were synthesised with thematic analysis.ResultsThis review included 15 qualitative studies, one mixed method, and one cross-sectional study. Six high-income nations were represented. The voices and experiences of 843 women who originated from at least one ethnic minority group are represented. Four major themes were constructed: psychological impact of GDM, GDM care and education, GDM and sociocultural impact, and GDM and lifestyle changes.Discussion and conclusionLimitations exist in the provision of culturally appropriate care to support the management of GDM in women from select ethnic groups in high-income healthcare settings. Women require care that is culturally appropriate, considering the individual needs and cultural practices of the woman. Engaging a woman’s partner and family ensures good support is provided. Culturally appropriate care needs to be co-designed with communities so that women are at the centre of their care, avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach.     

基于白化权函数分类区分度的变权灰色聚类

针对灰色聚类指标权重确定的问题,通过定义白化权函数的分类区分度来度量各指标对聚类对象的分类所作的贡献,并据此确定分类指标的权重。在此基础上,提出了变权灰色聚类方法。结果表明,该方法能够融合聚类对象的样本信息和专家的经验,有效确定不同聚类对象的各指标权重,且适用于聚类指标的量纲不同、数量级悬殊较大的情形。最后通过一个实例说明了变权灰色聚类的实用性和有效性。