First-time mothers’ birth beliefs,preferences, and actual birth: A longitudinal observational study

Problem

Birth preferences, such as mode and place of birth and other birth options, have important individual and societal implications, yet few studies have investigated the mechanism which predicts a wide range of childbirth options simultaneously.

出生婴儿性别比偏高原因的系统分析

在回顾近10年来国内学者对出生婴儿性别比偏高原因研究的基础上,利用出生婴儿性别比偏高流程图,对出生婴儿性别比偏高的原因作了系统分析。提出并区分了“时点出生性别比”与“时期出生性别比”的概念。认为,出生婴儿性别比偏高政策因素不是主要因素,性别选择技术是主要原因,性别比偏高是社会、经济、文化等因素共同作用的结果。并提出两点标本兼治的对策建议。     

Home birth and the National Australian Maternity Services Review: too hot to handle?

Background

In February 2009 the Improving Maternity Services in Australia – The Report of the Maternity Services Review (MSR) was released, with the personal stories of women making up 407 of the more than 900 submissions received. A significant proportion (53%) of the women were said to have had personal experience with homebirth. Little information is provided on what was said about homebirth in these submissions and the decision by the MSR not to include homebirth in the funding and insurance reforms being proposed is at odds with the apparent demand for this option of care.

Method

Data for this study comprised 832 submissions to the MSR that are publicly available on the Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health and Aging website. All 832 submissions were downloaded, coded and then entered into NVivo. Content analysis was used to analyse the data that related to homebirth.

Findings

450 of the submissions were from consumers of maternity services (54%). Four hundred and seventy (60%) of the submissions mentioned homebirth. Overall there were 715 references to home birth in the submissions. The submissions mentioning homebirth most commonly discussed the ‘Benefits’ and ‘Barriers’ in accessing this option of care. Benefits to the baby, mother and family were described, along with the benefits obtained from having a midwife at the birth, receiving continuity of care and having a good birth experience. Barriers were described as not having access to a midwife, no funding, no insurance and lack of clinical privileging for midwives.

Conclusion

Many positive recommendations have come from the MSR, however the decision to exclude homebirth from these reforms is perplexing considering the large number of submissions describing the benefits of and barriers to homebirth in Australia. A concerning number of submissions discuss having had or having considered an unattended birth at home due to these barriers. Overall there is the belief that not enabling access to funded, insured homebirth in Australia is a violation of human rights. It appears that homebirth was considered by the MSR as ‘too hot to handle’ and by dismissing it as a minority issue the government sought to avoided dealing with homebirth as a ‘sensitive and controversial issue.’     

浅谈巴金《家》的比拟艺术

《家》是巴金的代表作。在这部作品里,作者是要吐露他二十几年对于一个不合理制度的“积愤”,替一代人伸冤,是要控诉那吃人的封建制度。这种强烈的情感像激流一样,在全部作品中奔流着。巴金先生抒发这种情感时,使用的是独具特色的巴金式的语言,而巴金式的语言的一个重要构成部分就是比拟手法的娴熟运用。     

一种求解双目标线性规划的方法及其在上海市土地使用和交通方面的应用

本文介绍了一种求解双目标线性规划(SBLP)的方法.根据上海市土地使用与交通的现状建立了一个拟动态的模型(BOLT),并用该方法加以求解。根据得到的解对上海市土地使用与交通相互作用的情况进行了分析。     

《家庭与世界》：语言可以虚构出现实的范例

语言的意义,不依赖于语言所指称的对象。语言所指称的对象不存在时,语言也是有意义的,这就为语言可以指向非现实并仍获得意义敞开了可能性。语言是在语言游戏中获得意义的。在语言游戏中,语言在遵循游戏规则的前提下自我运行。语言的这种自主性赋予了语言以多重功能。语言不仅具有复制功能,而且具有创造功能,因此,它不仅可以反映现实,而且可以虚构出现实。泰戈尔的小说《家庭与世界》就为语言可以虚构出现实这一论题提供了实证支持。其中的主要人物形象不仅用语言虚构了自我而且也虚构了他者,而这种虚构的动力机制则是人的欲望。     

外出创业经历能提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效吗?———基于2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据

本文基于2019年北京师范大学劳动力市场研究中心开展的2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据,采用多重中介效应模型,研究创业者外出创业经历对其返乡创业企业经营绩效的影响及其微观作用机制。研究发现,创业者外出创业经历能够显著提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效;外出创业经历能够提升创业者的管理经验,扩大创业者的社会关系网络,有利于创业者获得更多的政策扶持,间接提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效。基于上述结论,建议地方政府积极吸引具有外地创业经历的企业家返乡创业,加大对返乡创业者的创业培训,提高返乡创业者的管理能力,支持创业者培育社会关系网络,加大返乡创业扶持政策的宣传,提升小微企业的经营绩效,助力乡村振兴。     

托妮·莫里森《柏油孩子》中家的建构

托妮·莫里森在小说《柏油孩子》中,通过迁徙叙事展开她对家的期望。她曾经声称"种族和家是她作品首要关注的主题",通过一个个运动的迁徙意象,莫里森勾勒出黑人在现代社会里家的失落与寻找的艰辛。     

“母系”家族奥秘及其女性命运浮沉——张翎小说《雁过藻溪》的文学关键词解析

加拿大华文女作家张翎,是海外华语文坛上一位并非职业写手的"业余作者",近年来相继出版了《望月》、《交错的彼岸》、《邮购新娘》以及反映19世纪以来飘洋过海出国谋生的华工血泪史的《金山》等小说,频频斩获各种文学奖项。本文选取其中篇小说《雁过藻溪》,运用叙事学、女性主义批评理论和文本细读等方法,对张翎笔下的"藻溪"故事、人物原型及其叙事意蕴与文化隐喻等,作了较为深入而细致的诠释与解读。     

多重障碍儿童成长发展小组案例分析——基于宁夏儿童福利院的特色小组案例

儿童福利院作为专业的儿童社会工作机构,在儿童社会工作的方法上积累了较为丰富的经验。宁夏儿童福利院的四位多重障碍儿童组成了特色社会工作小组,在深入了解了成员个性和共性的基础上,通过优势视角、生态系统图、游戏疗法、团体疗法等社会工作理论和方法实现小组成员的共同发展与成长。案例成绩的总结对此类小组社会工作方法有很好的借鉴作用。