多重障碍儿童成长发展小组案例分析——基于宁夏儿童福利院的特色小组案例

儿童福利院作为专业的儿童社会工作机构,在儿童社会工作的方法上积累了较为丰富的经验。宁夏儿童福利院的四位多重障碍儿童组成了特色社会工作小组,在深入了解了成员个性和共性的基础上,通过优势视角、生态系统图、游戏疗法、团体疗法等社会工作理论和方法实现小组成员的共同发展与成长。案例成绩的总结对此类小组社会工作方法有很好的借鉴作用。     

新农村建设与出生人口素质互动关系研究——基于遵义市两个农村社区的实证分析

以遵义市两个农村社区的调查数据为基础,通过理论假设与模型构建,从经济、文化、环境、政策四个维度,引入中介变量分析新农村建设与出生人口素质的互动关系.研究结果表明,新农村建设与农村出生人口素质呈显著正相关.遵义农村出生人口素质与新农村建设的进程不相适应,是影响新农村建设与可持续发展的后发制约力量.     

The Nursing Home Compare Report Card: Consumers' Use and Understanding

The Nursing Home Compare report card provides information on the World Wide Web about quality measures for almost every nursing home in the United States. In this research, we first examined whether consumers were using Nursing Home Compare. Second, we examined whether consumers could accurately interpret the quality information given in Nursing Home Compare. Data were collected from 4754 family members of nursing home residents. A comprehension index was used to examine whether the information contained in Nursing Home Compare for each quality measure was understood by family members. We found that 31% of these consumers used the Internet in choosing a nursing home, and 12% recalled using Nursing Home Compare. We also found that, in general, the comprehension index scores were high, indicating good understanding. Simply having the Nursing Home Compare report card available does not mean that it will be used, nor does it mean that it can influence consumers in any meaningful way. The findings show that consumers understand Nursing Home Compare information, and approximately 12% currently access the Web site.     

从社会回应模式看青少年离家出走现象

青少年离家出走问题已经成为全球性的社会现象,以西方研究社会问题的社会历史视角为基础提出的两个核心观点为"社会现象成为社会问题经历了发展的过程"和"社会各种人群或组织在社会问题的发展过程中给与了回应",从中可提炼出新的社会问题的研究模式,即社会回应模式。并通过应用中国"青少年离家出走"现象的发展过程来探讨这一社会回应模式在中国的适用性十分必要。研究发现,20世纪80年代至21世纪初期间(1980-2003年),青少年离家出走这一社会现象在中国经历了六大阶段的发展过程,并且在整个过程中,社会各人群对这一社会现象都有回应,但相应的社会回应和社会回应的研究仍存在不足。因此,对理论的进一步验证需要填充更多实证的数据,未来研究要进一步关注社会现象新一轮的发展历程和社会回应。     

Family Size,Birth Order,and Educational Attainment

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between birth order and educational attainment measured at ages 7, 11, 16, and 23, with particular care taken to separate the effects of birth order from the effects of family size. Since eldest children benefit from their parents' undivided resources at an early age, theory predicts that they may do better educationally than later-born children. This is confirmed by the analysis in this paper, with eldest children performing significantly better than other children on almost all measures of attainment. Youngest children in large families perform less well than middle children, and this effect increases with the age of the child. These findings are robust to the inclusion of a large set of background controls.     

Who decides the position for birth? A follow-up study of a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundPhysical benefits are suggested for women and their babies when women adopt an upright position of their choice at birth. Available care options during labour influence women's impressions of what intrapartum care is. This indicates that choice of birth positions may be determined more by midwives than by women's preferences.QuestionThe aims of this study were to investigate factors associated with adherence to allocated birth position and also to investigate factors associated with decision-making for birth position.MethodAn invitation to answer an on-line questionnaire was mailed.FindingsDespite being randomised, women who gave birth on the seat were statistically significantly more likely to report that they participated in decision-making and that they took the opportunity to choose their preferred birth position. They also reported statistically significantly more often than non-adherers that they felt powerful, protected and self-confident.ConclusionsMidwives should be conscious of the potential impact that birth positions have on women's birth experiences and on maternal outcomes. Midwives should encourage women's autonomy by giving unbiased information about the birth seat. An upright birth position may lead to greater childbirth satisfaction. Women's experience of and preferences for birth positions are consistent with current evidence for best practice.     

清远市清城区赤岗村、清新县大树墩村出生性别比情况的调查

清远市部分农村出生性别比偏高的主要原因是重男轻女的传统观念在许多地方依然有深厚的根基。计划生育政策堵塞了人们通过多育得男的途径 ,一些村民利用胎儿性别选择等手段人为地提高了出生性别比。但具体的情况往往在经济发达地区与山区有所不同。全面推广落实“关爱女孩行动”对出生性别比升高有明显的抑制作用。     

中国少数民族人口出生性别比问题研究

本文以“五普”数据为基础,对比“三普”、“四普”数据,对我国少数民族出生人口性别比问题进行研究。研究表明我国少数民族出生人口性别比偏高问题已经存在。虽然问题没有汉族严重,但其发展的趋势与汉族相当接近;少数民族出生人口性别比偏高表现出较强的区域差异、城乡差异和民族差异。     

Welfare benefits and birth decisions of never-married women

For some time now, the out-of-wedlock birthrate has been increasing rapidly in the United States. This has prompted several states to propose (and in some cases, enact) legislation to deny access to higher AFDC benefits for families in which the mother gives birth while receiving AFDC. The authors investigate whether AFDC benefit levels are systematically related to the family-size decisions of never-married women. Using a bivariate probit model with state and time fixed effects, applied to Current Population Survey data for the years 1980–1988, it is found that the basic benefit level for a family of two (one adult and one child) and the incremental benefit for a second child positively affects the family size decisions of black and Hispanic women, but not of white women. The effects are concentrated among high school dropouts (no effects are found for high school graduates). The authors conclude that rather than to uniformly deny benefits to all AFDC women that bear children, a better targeted policy might be to alter the AFDC benefit structure in such a way as to encourage single mothers to complete high school. However, being a high school dropout might be a proxy for some other underlying characteristic of the woman, and encouraging women to complete high school who otherwise would not might have no effect whatsoever on nonmarital births.