濒危人文微观法与基诺族神秘型诞礼

作者从民族学资源污染现象谈到民族人文资源危机,进而在无文字基诺族人文遗产的救护中创用了濒危人文微观法,并举例论证了异于文明时代喜庆型诞礼的神秘型诞礼的存在。基诺族原生神秘型诞礼具有鲜明的人文个性,也是对人类文明共性的一种丰富。     

《碧鸡漫志》作者王灼生卒年补考

笔者旧考王灼生于北宋徽宗崇宁四年(1105),卒年在宋孝宗淳熙二年(1175)以后。今综合考察王灼诗文和相关史料,对生于崇宁四年说进行了若干补证,新考证王灼卒年在淳熙八年(1181)秋以后。     

元初道士诗人马臻生平事迹考辨

元初南方正一派道士诗人马臻,其诗在元道流诗人中成就颇高,但生平正史无传,后人述及,或含混不清,或失检误判,或有舛史实,作者就其生卒年、青少年经历、壮游西京、晚年生活四个问题作出考辨.     

Family budgets and public money: spending fostering payments

In this second of two papers based on a study of payment issues within foster care, the focus is on expenditure. It is argued that the hybrid public/private nature of fostering gives rise to contradictory pressures for carers, including the status of maintenance payments as both part of family budgets and a form of delegated public expenditure. For example, carers are required in principle both to spend fixed amounts upon foster children and to treat them in like fashion to their own children. In this paper, the issue of ‘like treatment’ is explored, along with the significance of payment for ‘children who foster’ and for relationships between carers and foster children. Also examined are the challenges presented by differences between carers’ material circumstances and those of birth families, especially when reunification is planned. Overall, the paper seeks to show how the handling of expenditure becomes closely entwined with inter‐personal dynamics within foster care.     

White and nonwhite trends in first birth timing: Comparisons using vital registration and current population surveys

The magnitude of racial differences in first birth timing vary greatly depending upon the data sources from which they are estimated. Vital registration data (Heuser 1976; with updates from the National Center for Health Statistics 1974–1990) show that in recent years nonwhites have higher risks of a first birth at virtually all ages compared to whites. As a result very large and historically novel differentials in childlessness are forecast using these data (see Rindfuss et al. 1988; Chen & Morgan 1991; Morgan & Chen 1992). However, retrospective fertility history data collected from the 1980, 1985 and 1990 Current Population Surveys (CPS) suggest much smaller racial differences in completed childlessness and isolate racial differences in probabilities of first births at young ages. Differences also exist between theses two series for whites prior to the mid-1960s but not afterwards. Reasons for these differing estimates are suggested and examined. We conclude that a substantial portion of the differences result from an accumulation of biases in the vital registration estimates that affect primarily estimates of first birth timing. Thus, the CPS data provide a more firm basis for racial comparisons of first birth timing.     

Client Satisfaction with Live-In and Live-Out Home Care Workers in Israel

Abstract

In an era of globalization where the migration of long-term care workers is common, foreign live-in home care workers can compensate for the unavailability of family members and, perhaps, even substitute for institutional care in the provision of long-term care services to disabled older persons.

This study examines differences in home care satisfaction between disabled older persons in Israel with “live-in” home care workers and those with “live-out” workers, and explores some differences in socio-demographic and personal characteristics between these two groups. Face-to-face interviews were held with a random sample of 93 older persons in Beer-Sheva.

Older persons with live-in home care workers were more satisfied with their home care service than those with live-out workers. Those with live-in workers were more severely disabled, tended not to have any children living in close proximity, although an adult child was available as an informal caregiver. Communication difficulties between the elderly persons and their home care workers were found not to affect negatively the satisfaction with the service.     

SOJOURN TIMES IN NON-HOMOGENEOUS QBD PROCESSES WITH PROCESSOR SHARING

We study sojourn times of customers in a processor sharing queue with a service rate that varies over time, depending on the number of customers and on the state of a random environment. An explicit expression is derived for the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the sojourn time conditional on the state upon arrival and the amount of work brought into the system. Particular attention is paid to the conditional mean sojourn time of a customer as a function of his required amount of work, and we establish the existence of an asymptote as the amount of work tends to infinity. The method of random time change is then extended to include the possibility of a varying service rate. By means of this method, we explain the well-established proportionality between the conditional mean sojourn time and required amount of work in processor sharing queues without random environment. Based on numerical experiments, we propose an approximation for the conditional mean sojourn time. Although first presented for exponentially distributed service requirements, the analysis is shown to extend to phase-type services. The service discipline of discriminatory processor sharing is also shown to fall within the framework.     

黔东南性别失衡人口规模的判断与预测

黔东南州作为西部欠发达省份的民族自治地区,出生性别比长期、普遍、高度的失衡已经对经济发展、社会安定造成一定影响。虽然出生性别比失衡问题得到政府和社会的广泛关注和重视,并自2004年起开展了系列治理活动,但出生性别比升高的势头并未因之而有所遏制。本文希望通过对出生性别比失衡人口规模的计算,以及预测失衡导致该州未来男女人口规模和适龄结婚人口规模差异,使人们对失衡状况与未来影响有更清晰的认识,并为进一步治理提供参考素材。     

论朝鲜女子徐氏《次归去来辞》——兼谈中朝女性与隐逸

陶渊明的《归去来兮辞》,引来后世众多的次韵效体之作,其中最为奇特的一例,当属出于海东女子徐氏(1753—1823)之手的《次归去来辞》。因为这样的题目通常为反省仕宦经历的男性诗人所染翰,在仕途之外的古代女子则极少尝试。徐氏向往隐逸而又笃于人伦,这使其笔下的“归去”图景既清气袭人,又饶益亲情,在步趋陶赋中自显特色。作为异域女子,她在观照和汲取中国隐逸思想的资源时,把退隐之道与保家安邦的理念加以调和,反映了儒道两家思想的一种生活化的交汇形态。将徐氏置于中韩女性与隐逸文化的结缘历程中,不难看出女性发挥隐逸价值观的相应的思想空间。     

土族人口生育状况及影响因素分析

文章依据人口普查数据，对土族妇女的总和生育率、孩次别生育率、低年龄生育率及人口再生产率进行了考察。认为土族人口的生育水平尽管有较快下降，但仍然存在较为普遍的多育和早育现象。为此，应当从发展民族经济、提高教育程度、改善健康状况及拓宽就业渠道等方面入手，促使土族人口的生育模式趋于优异化。