晚清至北京国民政府时期的中国红十字会医院(1904-1927)

1904年,中国人建立了红十字组织——上海万国红十字会,为了更好的开展红十字会工作,上海万国红十字会建立了红十字会医院。此后,随着中国红十字会的正式成立,红十字会医院不断发展并扩大其规模,逐渐形成红十字会的五大医院。不仅如此,中国红十字会医院的医学教育和医疗人才的培养也取得了很大的发展,产生了大量优秀的医学人才。中国红十字会医院的发展极大地促进了中国红十字会的发展,也为近代慈善事业的发展做出了重大的贡献。     

尊重生命权利 注重生命价值——中国刑法关于杀人罪的立法缺陷及其完善

以完善刑事法制,充分发挥刑法保障人权的功能为研究目的,应用比较的方法,通过纵向和横向的立法比较,发现中国刑法中关于杀人罪的立法无论罪名、罪状、犯罪情节还是法定刑的设置都过于简单粗糙,与杀人罪在刑法中的重要位置极不相符。建议借鉴中国古代及当代世界各主要国家刑法典的经验,通过立法方式或者司法解释的方式建立杀人罪的罪名系列,或者根据犯罪情节设置三种不同的犯罪构成,细化杀人罪的构成要件、犯罪情节、法定刑和量刑情节,完善杀人罪的立法,将罪刑法定原则真正落到实处。     

浅谈“助学课堂”如何把握问题设置的度

助学课堂突出以"问"为主轴启动学生思维,以"思"为主攻促进学生发展,鼓励教师巧设关键问题、坡度问题,逐步激发学生学习的主动性和创造性,使学生由被动接受型转为主动发展型。教师在助学课堂教学中,要把握好问题设置的角度、难度、跨度、梯度、广度、密度等问题,才能有效地启迪学生思维,使学生的思维活动逐渐由已知导向未知,达到释疑、解惑的目的,实现知识的迁移和能力的飞跃。     

应收账款质押若干法律问题辨析

《物权法》将应收账款明确列入了可质押的权利的范围，中国人民银行制定的《应收账款质押登记办法》也于物权法之后出台，但需要进一步澄清与之相关的更为复杂的问题。应收账款质押属于权利质押的范围，与普通债权质押有联系也有区别，其设定须满足签订书面合同、通知第三债务人、交付应收账款债权证书等条件。应收账款质押债权的效力范围及于标的债权、利息以及附随的担保权，其对质权人和出质人均具有一定的效力。对于应收账款质押，需结合实践作更深入的探讨，以构建我国《担保法》完整的理论体系。     

Does introducing a dedicated early labour area improve birth outcomes? A pre-post intervention study

ProblemWomen increasingly present to hospital in early labour, but admission before active labour contributes to overuse of interventions, poorer clinical and psychological outcomes, and higher healthcare costs.BackgroundInnovative models of early labour care have so far not improved birth outcomes.AimTo examine if reconfiguring the early labour service in a large Australian maternity service improved (1) the birth outcomes of women who presented in early labour and (2) alleviated bed blockages by decreasing length of stay in the Pregnancy Assessment and Observation Unit.MethodsPre-post intervention design, using routinely collected clinical data before and after the implementation of the reconfigured early labour service.FindingsThere were 527 women in pre-intervention cohort and 747 in the post-intervention cohort. The two groups were similar in age, body mass index, marital status, education level and gestation at birth. Post intervention, epidural use did not change significantly, but rates of amniotomy (35.7% vs. 49.9%, p = <0.001), meconium-stained liquor (20.1% vs 26.1%, p = 0.04), and neonatal nursery admission (2.7% vs. 5.8% p = 0.01) increased. The proportion of women staying in the Assessment unit more than two hours decreased, but not significantly.ConclusionChanging the location and model of early labour care did not influence epidural use, nor improve women’s birth outcomes. For women in early labour, admission to any location within the hospital may be as problematic as admission to birth suite specifically.     

A model for a comparative cost-effectiveness evaluation of two mental health partial care programs.

This study provides a model for comparing the cost-effectiveness of two mental health programs. The example cited examines the cost-effectiveness of a hospital-based and a community-based partial care program. Using each group as its own control, the authors compare patients' use of inpatient hospitalisation and emergency room services during one year prior to and one year subsequent to first admission in day care. In both day care programs, patients substantially reduced their number of inpatient admissions and days. Neither program, however, showed a significant decrease in patients' use of the emergency room. Reflecting the substantially lower costs of the community-based program, the benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness ratios were significantly better in the community-based program than in the hospital-based program. Based on this evidence the authors conclude that the lower-cost, equally effective community-based program should be carefully considered as an alternative for more partial care patients.     

中学物理考试的解题和命题

本文探讨物理考试的解题和命题的一般规律和操作方法，以寻求它们与能力的衔接所在。     

麻黄人工栽培试验研究

通过几年的连续试验，摸索出一套人工栽培麻黄的技术。麻黄虽然无性繁殖能力很强，但大面积栽培还应以种子繁殖为主，而育苗移栽优于大田直播，在野生资源日趋枯竭的情况下，必须走野生变人工栽培的路子。     

Decision Making and the Price Setting Newsvendor: Experimental Evidence

We present an experimental study of the price‐setting newsvendor problem, which extends the traditional framework by allowing the decision maker to determine both the selling price and the order quantity of a given item. We compare behavior under this model with two benchmark conditions where subjects have a single decision to make (price or quantity). We observe that subjects deviate from the theoretical benchmarks when they are tasked with a single decision. They also exhibit anchoring behavior, where their anchor is the expected demand when quantity is the decision variable and is the initial inventory level when price is the decision variable. When decision makers set quantity and price concurrently, we observe no significant difference between the normative (i.e., expected profit‐maximizing) prices and the decision makers’ price choices. Quantity decisions move further from the normative benchmarks (compared to when subjects have a single decision to make) when the ratio of cost to price is less than half. When this ratio is reversed, there is no significant difference between order levels in single‐ and multi‐task settings. In the multidecision framework, we also observe a tendency to match orders and expected demand levels, which subjects can control using prices.     

吉林省工科院校管理学科本科专业调整与改革的思路

学科专业调整与改革是高等院校主动适应经济社会发展对人才培养新要求和高等教育自身发展的重要举措。本文根据吉林省5所工科院校管理学科本科专业设置的现状,分析其改革的原因,提出了调整与改革的思路。