信息与通讯技术背景下教师专业技能培养

信息与通讯技术(Information and Communication Technology,简称ICT)渗透到社会生活的各个领域.在教育领域中,ICT成为推动教育改革的强大动力.然而,教师的ICT专业技能的培养和提高则是至关重要的,它不仅影响教师的教,也影响学生的学.本文试从教师在教学中使用ICT所必需的知识、理解力和技能,教师的意识、自信和舒适感,ICT背景下教师合作等几个方面来探讨教师专业技能的培养.     

碳足迹视角下ICT产业碳排放对环境的影响

ICT技术和产业的发展改变了人们的生活方式和商业模式,这种改变大大促进了经济增长。根据美国和世界其他国家的研究报告得出,由ICT产业发展而产生的大量碳排放对环境的影响正在加剧。具体原因为ICT产品的广泛使用和海量数据处理中心的建立。根据ICT产业价值链形成过程中碳足迹的追踪,能够得出ICT产业在原材料提取、生产制造与运输、产品应用和回收处理各环节的碳排放的大体数量和所占比例。针对ICT产业价值链中碳排放产生原因不同,分别采取监测、预警、生产过程优化、先进产品应用、新商业模式和政府政策等对策给予解决,同时也简要说明了ICT产业如何为其他产业提供了间接减少碳排放的手段。最后,结合ICT产业存在问题和解决对策给出了ICT产业发展与环境之间关系的新研究思路,并提出未来可以从定量角度研究ICT产业发展中碳排放对环境影响。     

How Information and Communication Technology Promote the Building of Clean Government: A Case Study of Two Local Clean Government Reforms in China

In recent years, many studies have begun to explore the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in promoting clean government, pointing out that it will make government more honest. However, existing research pays more attention to the correlation between the two factors, and few studies analyze in depth and in detail what the key ICT mechanism is that promotes the construction of clean government. Our case study of two innovative local clean government reforms in China has found that the key mechanism is improving the availability of information. Specifically, the reforms included two interrelated mechanisms: reducing the information asymmetry between vertical levels of government and bridging information barriers between government departments at the horizontal level.     

中国省际信息通信技术资本存量估算

 信息通信技术（ICT）投资对经济增长和劳动生产率的提高具有显著影响,要想深入研究ICT投资对经济增长的作用,就必须以一套完整的ICT资本存量数据作为基础。为此,本文利用可获得的原始数据,在完成了确定ICT投资额的计算方法,估算折旧率和ICT价格指数等工作的基础上,运用永续存盘法估算了1980－2007年全国ICT资本存量和1997－2007年各地区ICT资本存量。     

中国ICT中间产品贸易实证研究

第三次科技革命的深入,不仅伴随着高技术产品的飞速发展,还使产品内贸易方式逐渐成为国际贸易的重要组成。电子信息产业（ICT）作为高技术产业的主力,由于其模块化特征,具有显著的产品内贸易流向。本文通过对比分析中国ICT产业最终产品和中间产品的相关数据,探讨中国在高技术产品内贸易的国际地位,结论认为中国在ICT产业的竞争力增强,产品内贸易方式促使中国国际分工地位的提升,实现从价值链低端的地位攀升。     

知识共享研究综述

知识共享是组织知识管理的核心。近几年来,大量文献资料表明,知识共享成为知识管理研究的一个重点。在检索了1996年到2005年的知识共享相关研究文献的基础上,通过对这些文献的筛选、分析与分类,认为这些文献大体是从知识共享的经济性、知识共享的对象、知识共享的主体以及知识共享的手段4个方面展开研究的。为此,对这4个方面进行了综述,并探讨了今后研究的发展趋势。     

信息化对集中连片特困区农户可持续生计的影响

基于可持续生计框架,利用来自陕西长武县巨家镇339个农户调查样本,首先通过建构农户生计资本的多指标综合评价指标体系,并利用信息熵法测算了指标体系权重系数及五种生计资本综合评价得分,发现集中连片区特困区农户生计现状整体较差,生计脆弱性高。其次通过构建考虑农户生计资本内生性特征的结构方程组模型,并利用三阶段最小二乘法回归分析发现,信息化对农户生计有着重要的影响。其中,家庭信息化能够显著推动物质资本、金融资本、社会资本的改善;农村社区信息化对自然资本、物质资本有显著的正向影响,对社会资本和人力资本则有显著的负向贡献。最后,提出通过同步推进家庭和村级社区两个层次的信息化,特别是提升农户现代信息技术设备应用能力,可以成为新阶段集中连片特困区实施信息化精准扶贫的重要切入点。     

Power planning in ICT infrastructure: A multi-criteria operational performance evaluation approach

It is critical for information and communications technology (ICT) companies to carry our effective power planning, in order to support the growing number of services they provide, and this traditionally relies on the tacit knowledge and experience of senior staff. The loss of such domain knowledge resulting from the retirement of staff is an important issue for organizations such as Chunghwa Telecom (CHT), the largest ICT operator in Taiwan. This study thus develops a systematic power planning model using a multi-criteria operational performance evaluation. A group version of the fuzzy repertory grid and fuzzy TOPSIS approaches is applied to elicit a set of evaluation criteria that senior staff agree on, and then the priorities of the telecom rooms are evaluated against this. In addition, a new factor, reflecting the attitudes of the decision makers with respect to the degree of strictness, is defined to determine the superiority and inferiority of each alternative compared to the others. Furthermore, a novel decision aggregation strategy regarding the degree of variation among decision makers is proposed, and a quantitative assessment is carried out to analyze its impact on the ranking results in an objective manner. The proposed model may help ICT organizations to more effectively manage their power resources, and thus obtain competitive advantages.