文化多样性及其挑战

文化多样性概念虽然在理解“他者”的问题上有所助益，但却在一定程度上可以导致人们在对人类自身的认识上趋于另一个极端。通过对相关概念的简要历史分析，文章揭示了文化多样性概念在理解现实中的种族与族群现象时可能存在的紧张。     

新修辞理论视域中的外宣翻译研究——以茂名市外宣翻译为例

外宣翻译是对外宣传的主要桥梁,也是一项跨文化的修辞活动。修辞理论与外宣翻译的结合是外宣翻译研究领域中一个较新的视角。借用以伯克为代表提出的新修辞理论中的"认同"和"象征"两个概念,以茂名市外宣翻译为语料,从中英文词汇、句式和篇章的修辞差异三个方面研究了修辞理论能有效指导和批评外宣翻译实践。     

心理期望：政治认同生成的内隐机制

政治认同是公民对国家政治诸要素所产生的一种心理上的归属感。心理期望作为政治认同的内隐机制,从需要因素看,可分为自发性政治认同需要和引致性政治认同需要。而对需要的满足,则取决于主体的自我政治期望和社会政治期望的契合程度及运行路向。现实问题往往因对期望的认知错位而产生各异的政治认同距离进而给个体和政府等带来心理压力。如何把这种压力保持在一定的安全阈值范围内而使政府和个人在期望心理供求方面处于大体均衡,成为优化政治认同效果的现实选择。     

Practising family history: ‘identity’ as a category of social practice

Research on family history argues it performs the task of anchoring a sense of ‘self’ through tracing ancestral connection and cultural belonging, seeing it as a form of storied ‘identity‐work’. This paper draws on a small‐scale qualitative study to think further on the identity‐work of family history. Using practice theory, and a disaggregated notion of ‘identity’, it explores how the storying of family histories relates to genealogy as a leisure hobby, a form of historical research, and an information‐processing activity; and examines the social organization of that narrativity, where various practical engagements render certain kinds of genealogical information more, or less, ‘storyable’. Key features of ‘identity‐work’ in family history, such as the construction of genealogy as a personal journey of discovery and identification with particular ancestors, emerge as a consequence of the procedures of family history, organized as a set of practical tasks. The paper explores ‘identity‐work’ as a consequence of people's engagement in specific social practices which provide an internal logic to their actions, with various components of ‘identity’ emerging as categories of practice shaped within, and for, use. Focusing on ‘identity’ as something produced when we are engaged in doing other things, the paper examines how the practical organization of ‘doing other things’ helps produce ‘identity’ in particular ways.     

文化认同的危机与身份界定的政治学——乡村文化复兴的二律背反

文化认同曾是构建社会整体性的基础,但这种基础随着现代性在世界范围内的全面展开而被彻底瓦解,中国作为世界的一部分,自然也不例外。在此意义上,文化认同正经历着一种前所未有的危机,在中国乡村文化的后改革时代的全面复兴中,这种危机得到了一种看似矛盾的体现,即一方面是改革与再造,而另一方面是传统的复兴,二者沿着各自的认同轨道运行,并行不悖。通过身份界定的政治学,乡村文化被界定为落后和迷信,村民被界定为现代意义上的“农民”,这些都与村民自己对于自身文化的认同相去甚远,两种观念各自表述,潜在的认同危机由此而得以酝酿,借用康德哲学的语汇,那就是我们在对待乡村文化上是在实践着一种二律背反的政治理念。     

Constructing identity with L2: Pronunciation and attitudes among Norwegian learners of English1

This study investigates L2 pronunciation and evaluation of American and British varieties of English among Norwegian adolescent learners. By integrating quantitative sociolinguistics and L2 acquisition, the article investigates stylistic practice in an L2 context. Results from an auditory analysis of four phonological variables and a matched‐guise test are interpreted with reference to speaker commentary. Learners’ self‐expressed accent aims correlate significantly with accent use, but American English is the dominant pronunciation. Results show that both L1 and L2 speakers of English varieties are socially evaluated by the learners; British English is considered the most prestigious model of pronunciation, while American English is associated with informality. These evaluations seem to motivate learners’ pronunciation choices. The data indicate blended use of the English varieties. Learners seem to exploit linguistic resources from English, and reshape and adapt the social meaning of the variables to a local construction of identity.     

QUEER TREASONS: HOMOSEXUALITY AND IRISH NATIONAL IDENTITY

Queer Treasons suggests how and why homosexuality has been placed outside the limited discourse of what constitutes ‘Irishness.’ I argue that, since the early part of the twentieth century, homosexuality has been represented as ‘foreign’ to nationalisms in Ireland, particularly when the borders of the nation are perceived to be under threat. I further suggest that the threat of homosexuals, as represented in Irish political discourse, points more generally toward an instability in the discourses of nation itself.     

WEB PAGES, AUTHORS AND AUDIENCES: The meaning of a mouse click

One popular framework for analysing web pages has been to think of them as identity performances on the part of the author. This framework opens up possibilities for analysis of the ways in which identity performances are composed. The personal web pages to which this perspective is most immediately applicable, are, however, now only a small proportion of the overall amount of information available on the World Wide Web. It would be possible, by extension, to analyse institutional web pages as performances of the institutional identity. It is the contention of this paper that to do so is to miss out on some important aspects of web page design: namely that the production of a web page involves understandings not only of the audience for the page but also of the capacities of the technology. In addition, web page production has to become a socially meaningful act for the individual web page developer and the institution concerned. It is, therefore, argued that the analysis of web pages can usefully learn from media studies and the sociology of technology in this respect. An interview-based study of the developers of web pages for the service departments of a UK university is described. The ideas of audience which the authors use are far from homogeneous: they include an institutional offline audience for the page, a pre-existing imagined audience, developers themselves as audience, and the technology of the browser as a stand-in audience. The audience and the capacities of the technology are developed in context through the practices of designers.     

Positive Feedback Model for City Vitalization

Abstract  In the present study, we first attempt to construct a model for the dynamics of city images, in which intra- and intercity communications promote the joint possession of city images by residents and the establishment of a city identity. It is suggested that community spirit, which emerges strongly associated with city identity, urges citizens to voluntarily take part in a city's cultural events. The voluntary participation of citizens may change various aspects of a city's functions and physical structure, and as a result the city becomes vitalized in a bottom-up way. Based on this model, we propose a new planning method to facilitate city vitalization as a substitute for hardware-oriented planning. Finally, to ascertain the effectiveness of the new planning method, we focus on Iida City, which has recently successfully established its identity as a puppet drama town.     

当代小说视域中的农民身份问题研究

自新中国成立后,农民身份的内涵在小说中的变化,充分展现了国家意志、现代化建设与农民之间的深层关联。在社会主义建设初期,小说对农民的阶级属性、集体身份进行了革命化叙述,强调了农民在国家建设中的主体地位,而忽视了农民自身的个体愿望;20世纪80年代后,农民在小说中的身份内涵发生了变化,国家的主体位置逐渐弱化,自身的价值诉求得到肯定与确认,但是农民身份的隐喻含义也得以细微展现;随着城乡社会流动的加速和经济社会结构的剧变,农民及其衍生出的农民工群体面临着严重的身份焦虑,这一点在农民工题材小说中充分展现出来。对于农民而言,不管是进城还是返乡,亦或是留守乡村,“我是谁”的身份困惑都将缠绕着他们,并呈现出进一步模糊化的趋向。