对立与融合——中国男同性恋者的身份构建

当前,中国同性恋者在数量上已经成为一个不可忽视的社会群体。受西方男性研究和男性特质研究的影响,学术上很有必要关注中国的男性同性恋者。作为弱势群体的男同性恋者正在努力融入主流文化中,但受中国传统伦理道德观和社会舆论的影响,其处境又非常尴尬。中国男同性恋者受西方同性恋运动的影响衍生出其独特的话语,并为其话语权与社会身份认同的构建而努力着。理论上,福柯的话语权理论和酷儿理论有助于客观科学地研究同性恋者的话语及其身份认同,有利于改变社会对同性恋者的观念。和谐社会的构建离不开每一个人,同性恋者也是构建和谐社会中的一分子。     

民族宗教学视野下伊斯兰教的民族性与回族的宗教性

通过伊斯兰教了解回族群体的生存状态、历史发展,考察回族文化的变迁与特色;反之,从回族的角度考察伊斯兰教,以便从回族群体的精神层面角度把握伊斯兰教,了解回族的深层心理和情感依托;通过对民族认同和宗教认同的比较解析两者的涵摄关系。借鉴民族宗教学理论探讨伊斯兰教和回族之间的关系,探讨伊斯兰教的民族性和回族的宗教性。     

Sikh ethnonationalism and militancy: manifestation and prognosis

ABSTRACT

The study primarily answers the question that whether the movement of Sikh ethnonationalism had been defeated permanently during 1990s or whether it still persists? The study perceives that the movement of Sikh ethnonationalism cannot end till the core pivotal ethnic issues, the moving force of the movement are prevailing. The study eventually predicts that the movement will sooner or later rejuvenate from its previous stage, i.e. militancy, as the sociopolitical circumstances of Punjab have been nourishing microclimate for resurgence of the same. In typical political scenario, the moderate outfit of Sikhs is eager to stimulate the ethnic-regional issues of the Sikhs while the radical factions are also observant to ignite the clinkering Sikh ethnic issues once again. Contrarily, the political aspirations of the BJP controlled by the RSS are opposite to the ethno-political demands of the Sikhs. This contradiction, if aroused systematically, has the potential to rekindle the old spark of militant movement.     

赵树理大众化语言的发生与建构

多年来围绕赵树理语言大众化问题进行了很多讨论，但离开作家早年的语言背景，这个问题很难讨论清楚。本文认为赵树理大众化语言的发生除了受到早年生活环境、早期教育的影响外，他对农民或农村知识分子的身份认同，以及战争时期特殊的时代导向，对其语言风格的形成发挥了相当重要的作用。身份认同与时代导向是赵树理大众化语言风格形成的关键因素。     

西方残障身份发展理论述评及本土化思考

积极的残障身份认同对残障者本身具有重要意义,残障身份发展是残障者实现身份认同的路径,理解残障身份发展的过程也可以让残疾人工作者更好地为残障者提供教育、康复等相关服务。本文通过梳理较为典型的西方残障身份发展理论,结合国内残障身份相关研究及本土社会文化背景展开讨论。文章认为,在西方残障身份发展理论框架下,残障者形成积极身份认同的关键在于认同并融入一套在残障社区内共享的残障文化,而在我国社会文化背景下,目前并没有一套成体系的残障文化,残障者也难以体会残障的文化身份感,国内残障者的身份认同缺少本土残障文化依靠。     

从阶级认同到消费认同：农民(工)身份认同的代际转向

在对农民（工）的传统身份进行简要回溯的基础上,力图通过历史性的社会结构分析,对这一群体的身份认同进行梳理。在梳理的过程中,聚焦制度结构变迁与农民工实际的生活处境,以消费为分析主轴,重点考察老一代农民工与新生代农民工之间出现的认同差异。研究认为,在高度流动性和商品化的消费时代大背景下,作为农民工主体的新生代农民工,正面临着重新适应新环境和建立“认同”的过程,出现了新的、以消费为取向的身份认同转向。     

论儒的最初职业与身份自觉

章太炎《国故论衡·说儒》指出,儒有三科,关达、类、私之名。达名为儒,儒者,术士也。作为达名,儒在古代中国往往是知识阶层的统称,而且也并不仅限于儒家门生。作为一类物事的种属称谓,儒通常用以指称具有一定德行品格与专门才能的人。作为具体的学派名称,一般则专指攻于诗、书、礼、乐、易、春秋之经典、以仁义之道为行动意旨与生活理想、敬拜孔子为圣师的儒家。作为一种正规职业的儒,可能开始于殷商。发展至西周时代,儒者已有官方与非官方的分别。春秋之后那些一度专以祝、宗、卜、史为职业的人群进一步分化,一部分经过自觉改造而转化为可以为上层贵族相礼、教书的知识分子,继续为主流社会服务,另一部分则蜕变成牢骚满腹、怨天尤人的粗野乡民,有的堕落为穷困潦倒、不稼不穑、无所事事的游民,有的甚至做起了劫贼的勾当。《荀子·儒效》说:儒者,法先王,隆礼义,儒者在本朝则美政,在其位则美俗。这是儒家第一次对自己的身份、使命、功能、作用进行了全面定位,使儒由原先的治丧、相礼或教书上升到经世、济民、治天下的高度,其活动舞台也从普通民居走向了帝王庙堂。而荀子所谓大儒、雅儒、俗儒则是荀子本人于职业、人格上的理想划分,也是对当时儒之流品基本现状的忠实记载与客观描述。     

农村劳动力迁移问题的政策思考--基于迁移者角色的定位研究

本文就劳动力迁移理论提出了一种新的研究方法劳动力迁移者的角色定位.文章分别把迁移者定位于劳动力的供给者、人力资本的投资者、地区商品的消费者和家庭的生产者.文章在每一部分,首先介绍了各角色定位的模型,然后通过分析找出目前中国可能影响劳动力迁移的因素,并在此基础上,提出政策建议.文章结论是,城乡分割的户籍制度是阻碍劳动力迁移的根本原因,在逐步放松户籍管理制度的同时,给农民工以国民待遇是我们制定所有政策的根本.     

老年残疾人身份认同问题研究

身份认同是老年残疾人精神心理问题的一个重要方面。结合北京市老年残疾人入户访谈调查相关资料,对老年残疾人身份认同的基本内涵、特征、应对策略等方面进行了分析,并从人口学和社会学的角度对其特征进行了探讨。认为,老年残疾人的身份认同主要集中在个体认同、自我身份认同、群体认同与社会身份认同等四个方面;老年残疾人的身份认同对其日常生活以及生活质量均具有重要影响;弱化老年残疾人的弱势认同,增强老年残疾人的集群认同感,优化老年残疾人的社会人身份认同感,是改善老年残疾人精神心理状态、提升其生活质量的重要途径。     

Entrepreneurs and producers: Identities of Finnish farmers in 2001 and 2006

The farmers' role within the EU has recently been under reconstruction: in addition to primary agricultural production farmers should fulfil multiple functions such as maintaining the rural landscape, conserving nature and providing services. One essential feature of this new role is the demand for entrepreneurship. Farmers should be capable of competing in the worldwide, global agricultural market. They are also encouraged to diversify into business activities beyond agriculture. How do farmers see themselves in this situation? Is their self-perception compatible with this new reconstruction of the farming economy and the farmers' role? Research, thus far, seems to indicate that traditional or production oriented identities are still dominant among farmers. But there is also some evidence that new identities, such as the entrepreneurial identity, are emerging. In our study we are especially interested in how Finnish farmers have met the demand for adapting to the role of an entrepreneur. We approach the issue of the farmers' changing role from a social psychological perspective by utilizing the concept of identity. Our empirical evidence comes from two nation-wide postal questionnaire data sets, both containing samples from three subgroups: conventional farmers focusing solely on primary agricultural production, diversified farmers who also had other business besides agricultural production, and rural non-agricultural small-scale businesses. The results show that Finnish farmers do not experience “entrepreneur” as something distant from themselves and as not fitting in with their world of ideas, as the work of some researchers would depict. Instead, the majority of Finnish farmers, especially diversified farmers, conceive of themselves both as entrepreneurs and as producers.