德国移民问题与无移民政策的移民国家

第二次世界大战以来,特别是20世纪90年代两德统一以后,德国越来越成为事实上的非典型的移民国家,移民社会问题成为德国社会问题的核心。德国人内部针对移民存在着广泛的不信任和防御心态,由此产生了一系列暴力排外行为。其原因在于德国政党、政府和社会大众不愿意承认德国作为非典型意义的移民国家存在的事实。从2001年起,德国拟制定新移民法,以解决德国移民问题。     

Perceived social standing among Asian immigrants in the US: Do reasons for immigration matter?

We investigate the association between a subjective measure of social status and the reasons for immigration among Asian immigrants in the US. We use data from the National Latino and Asian American Study to test several hypotheses about this association. Our analyses show the positive effect on perceived social standing of migrating for better education, the negative effect of migrating to seek employment, and the negative impact of refugee status. Migrating for family reunification can be associated with various circumstances, which lead to differing outcomes. The results suggest that the notion that immigrants arrive in the US with limited resources and few skills and move slowly up the socioeconomic ladder must be reassessed in light of the complex social context and factors such as ethnicity, gender, divergent immigration paths, and a range of associated circumstances.     

The Migrant Mortality Advantage: A 70 Month Follow-up of the Brussels Population

There is considerable evidence that first generation immigrants to developed countries tend to have lower mortality than does the population as a whole at their destination. This advantage is usually ascribed to a selection process which makes migrants more robust than the local population and/or an acculturation process whereby third-world migrants lose their natural healthy life style as they take on modern urban dietary and living habits. We investigate immigrant-local mortality differences using a 6-year follow-up of the complete Brussels population aged 25–55, as enumerated at the Belgian census, 1991. We show that adult migrants have lower mortality than their native-born counterparts, despite their often poorer living arrangements, work status and human capital. This effect differs by origin group. The effects of age on mortality are similar for all groups, with mortality increasing about 8% a year. This increase is slightly greater for the Belgian born than for immigrants, which makes the selectivity explanation unlikely. Years since migration does not significantly increase the mortality risk for most groups, contradicting the acculturation hypothesis. Thus, explanations ascribing immigrants' mortality advantage to migrant selectivity, pre-modern cultural practices, or an artefact of population recording practices are insufficient. We propose, instead, an explanation based on the meaning migration has for the immigrant, and the hope engendered in the move, particularly that from a lesser to a more developed country.     

非法经营罪疑难问题研究

非法经营罪的犯罪客体为市场经营管理秩序,其犯罪对象应以法律、行政法规的规定为限,司法解释通常将其明确化.作为本罪客观行为表现的其他严重扰乱市场秩序的行为应作严格的解释,以最大限度地克服小口袋罪的弊端.本罪的司法认定也应予以充分重视.     

英国脱欧对中英贸易的影响分析

英国公投脱欧的决定,是由英国与欧盟长久以来的政治分歧与经济发展受限等原因,以及移民负担过重这一导火索共同推动的。对英国与欧盟的贸易关系进行分析,发现英国在欧盟中占据重要的贸易地位,与欧盟进出口贸易关系密切。对英国与中国的贸易现状进行分析,发现英国与中国的贸易发展良好,但贸易结合度不高。英国脱欧后,不再享有作为欧盟成员国的优惠贸易条件,可能产生中英进出口贸易额增多、贸易规模扩大、中英贸易顺差减小以及中英贸易政策出现新格局等影响。     

20世纪美国黑人大迁徙与南部三农问题之关系

南北战争后,美国南部长期面临农业生产方式落后、农民贫困、农村社会发展缓慢等三农问题。上述问题与南部的种族问题相互交织,加剧了南部社会的落后与黑暗。这其中,南部黑人受害最为深重,他们被迫大规模迁徙到美国其他地区。20世纪美国有两次黑人大迁徙的高潮,到20世纪70年代有600多万南部黑人迁徙。美国南部的三农问题是黑人大迁徙的经济原因,但黑人大迁徙又反过来推动了三农问题的解决,由此可见迁徙自由对于解决三农问题的重要意义。     

快速遗传算法研究

提出了一种称为广义自适应遗传算法的快速遗传算法,它首先产生均匀分布的初始种群,其次根据种群模式的状况决定是否引入“高品质”移民,最后自适应地进行交换和变异运算。其搜索性和全局收敛性比现有的许多遣传算法都有明显的改善,并通过仿真说明了该改进遣传算法的有效性。     

论绍兴传统经济人格之形成

绍兴传统经济人格反映的是农业社会中绍兴地区公众共同的经济活动特点,可以总结为勤俭、精细、柔韧和务实四个特点,本质是“耕读取利”,这是秦汉以后越地文化最主要的表现形式之一。秦汉以来的人口迁徙和绍兴地理环境的变化,分别构成了绍兴传统经济人格形成的人力基础和物质基础,传统儒家文化的传播特别是东晋以来绍兴文化教育业的发展,是绍兴传统经济人格形成的文化依据。而以小农经济和小商品经济为主导的传统经济形态及其发展,则是绍兴传统经济人格形成的决定性因素,绍兴传统经济发展过程之中的人地矛盾,则构成了绍兴传统经济人格形成的内在动力。     

迈向精细化的乡村治理——以一个陇西移民村的治理实践为例

自党的十八届五中全会提出"加强和创新社会治理,推进社会治理精细化,构建全民共建共享的社会治理格局"的总目标以来,"精细化治理"成为推进国家治理能力和治理体系现代化的重要议题。以一个移民村的治理实践为例,分别从政策执行的精细化、村干部权责的精细化以及村民日常生活的精细化三个维度阐释D村乡村治理中的精细化趋向及其背后的运作机制与内在逻辑。研究发现:在国家的精细化治理要求下,细致的政策制定构建了精细的乡村治理组织体系,从而进一步明晰了村干部的权责匹配,由此形成了自上而下的精细化乡村治理路径;同时,村民在日常生活中的精准需求助推了乡村治理评价体系的细化,又自下而上地倒逼着乡村治理朝向精细化发展。但迈向精细化的乡村治理仍然存在若干现实问题,如何能在这一路径下实现乡村治理有效,还有待进一步的理论探讨与实践探索。     

从自然、社会和人的关系看毛泽东诗词的崇高美

毛泽东诗词描绘了祖国壮丽的河山,但他往往从社会、历史的高度出发,充满哲理性的沉思和奇异的想象,对人生的思考充满睿智,具有诗化哲学的特点。文章从自然、历史和人的关系上探讨了毛泽东诗词的崇高美。