Response

This article focuses on the roles consulting units can play in statistics departments, universities, and the statistics profession. An opinion on what constitutes legitimate academic activity is given. The roles endorsed are consistent with the view that statistics is both a science and an integral part of scientific methodology and hence that statistics departments need to be concerned with both the development of new methods and the proper application of those methods in the pure and applied sciences. Consulting units serve as an interface between the developers and users of statistical methodology. Communication between developers and users can be carried on effectively through consultants who are actively involved in the education of users and in the education of statistics students, either formally or informally. Such communication is also enhanced when consultants are publishing in both statistics and nonstatistics journals. Routine data analysis is not endorsed as a justifiable academic activity for consulting faculty. Supervision of graduate students on such analyses, however, can be justified. The success a consulting unit can have in playing its roles depends on appropriate funding, staffing, and administration of the unit.     

汪伪战时体制下的金融统制

1943年1月,汪伪政府正式对英美宣战,并在其统治区实行所谓的"战时体制"。在金融领域,汪伪政府通过强化战时金融统制,加强了中央储备银行的职能,实现了币制的统一。但它并没有摆脱日本的操纵与控制,其金融统制政策使得汪伪统治区的财政更为混乱,物价上涨,汪伪经济陷于崩溃的境地。     

Archival data in program evaluation and policy analysis

Evaluators have typically avoided using existing data sets, choosing instead to collect their own information to maintain control over both the content and quality of the data. As demands on action researchers increase without provision for additional resources, primary data collection may become a luxury and the use of archival data may increase. Though archival data has practical and methodological advantages, there are limitations associated with the utilization of such information. The general problems with secondary data sources include the accuracy, acceptability and accessibility of the information. Following a discussion of these general problems, an example from the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) reimbursement data set is presented to illustrate specific difficulties with using archival data for evaluation research. Strategies are then presented for minimizing these difficulties, including determining the feasibility of utilization of such data sources, methods for assessing their accuracy and factors to consider in the data acquisition process.     

A Demonstration of Methods for Studying Negotiations Between Physicians and Health Care Managers*

Decision analysis was used to study negotiations in the health care context. This paper found that analytical methods could answer several important questions related to complex negotiations, including whether contracts promote the interest of both parties, whether a decision aid could better meet the priorities of both parties, and whether one negotiator is more successful than the other in repeated negotiations. The paper concluded that micro-health care negotiations can be traced and studied with existing mathematical theories of negotiation.     

Insights from Attempts to Validate a Multi-Attribute Model of Problem Definition Quality

Problem definitions are often used as part of the problem structuring process in decision sciences. We report an attempt to validate a multi-attribute model of problem definition quality in the context of an experiment based upon the definition of the ‘alcohol problem’ on a campus. Three independent raters assessed values for the attributes of the model for 57 written problem definitions, and their rating was compared to three subjective ‘expert’ ratings made by individuals with some responsibility for alcohol policy. Our study shows that the experts exhibited considerable stakeholder bias in their assessments of the definitions, suggesting that a definition that is evaluated as good may not be subjectively acceptable to others. We present some evidence that the best definitions are those that provide direction with regard to solution, neither suggesting firm solutions to the problem nor being too open-ended. It is shown that the multi-attribute model is a reasonable tool for eliminating poorer definitions. Further, we relate our work to recent conceptual developments in understanding problem definition.     

行政协商:构建和谐社会的行政救济法基础--兼论法律移植与本土资源的对接

强调法律全球化、构建社会主义和谐社会,必须关注法律移植问题。但是法律移植必须与本土资源有机地结合。诉辩交易和ADR对于建立中国特色的行政协商制度具有重大借鉴价值。行政协商的基本特征是在救济程序中的自主性。它在主体上排除了审查机关的居中调解。这样是为了体现行政协商的真实内涵,避免审查机关调解的弊端。行政协商可以贯穿于审查程序的整个过程。但是行政协商的内容不得涉及行政行为的性质。审查机关可以根据当事人的协商意见,直接终结审查程序。终结决定具有终局性。     

边缘治理:城市化进程中的城郊村社区治理——以浙江省T村社区为个案

浙江省T村社区是一个介于城乡之间的城郊村,在城市化进程中,村社区治理呈现出明显的边缘性特征:治理体制的双轨化、治理范围的村落化、组织结构的两栖化、组织职能的叠合化。城郊村社区治理的的边缘化是多种因素影响的结果,其中最为重要的原因是:城乡二元性社会体制的制约、城郊村社区城市化制度的供给不足、城郊村社区的现实需求。     

保险业诚信缺失成因与治理

我国保险业诚信缺失的主要成因是保险业恶性竞争、只求经济效益、忽视社会效益,以及保险管理制度不健全,保险代理人素质偏低,同时某些投保人的道德风险也造成负面影响。针对这些成因,应该从培养保险诚信文化、加强队伍建设、健全制度诸方面,采取综合措施治理,提高保险可信度,推进我国保险业健康发展。     

北京市流动人口证件管理演变与实证研究

通过对北京流动人口户籍、就业、居住和计划生育证件的管理政策及其法规实施演变的分析,本文认为流动人口证件的管理经历了从无证管理到多证协管,再到一证统管的过程,《暂住证》贯穿整个有证管理历程并发挥了基础性作用。文章进一步使用“2006年北京市1‰流动人口调查”数据分析流动人口持证情况及影响因素,发现身份证持证率（97．5％）明显高于暂住证持证率（84．5％）,并且身份证持证率与流动人口的个体特征没有直接的关联,而众多个体特征对暂住证持证率都有显著的影响作用,比如性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、就业情况、来京年份和所在功能区等因素。从理论上讲,由于《暂住证》受个体因素影响较大,普及范围不如《身份证》,流动人口管理可以取消《暂住证》,而仅以《身份证》作为管理依据。     

公民环境权研究的谱系

文章在文献统计的基础上综述了国内法学界对于公民环境权的概念、公民环境权的主体、客体、内容以及公民环境权的实现等问题研究的成果。