教育转型期农村幼儿园课程实施状况 ——基于安徽省淮南市六所幼儿园调查

教育转型给幼儿园课程实施带来巨大变化。本研究基于课程转型的角度,运用问卷调查法、观察、访谈法,对安徽省淮南市六所幼儿园进行调查研究,探讨教育转型期农村幼儿园课程实施问题。结果表明：我国幼儿园教师的课程理念与实际行为脱节明显,其原因在于幼儿园管理体制不健全、幼儿园师资数量不足素质不高、课程资源匮乏等。据此,我们提出建立健全幼儿园管理体制;加强幼儿园园长对课程领导实施工作的参与和支持;优化农村幼儿教师专业成长模式,提高教师专业素质;加强幼儿园教材建设,积极开发课程资源等相关建议。     

关于怒江傈僳族社会“直接过渡”的认识

20世纪50年代中叶,“直接过渡”是怒江傈僳族社会历史的重要阶段。在党和政府的下,傈僳族从生产小组、互助组到合作社,完成了所有制的转变,“直接过渡”到社会主义社会。通过考察怒江傈僳族原有的社会形态、社会性质,并分析“直接过渡”的由来、步骤及相关要求,指出“直接过渡”不仅反映所有制形态的改变,还有群众观念的更新及管理体制的变化。傈僳族的“直接过渡”典型地反映了某些少数民族在进入社会主义社会时的“千百步走”与“一步走”之间的关系。     

中国农村居民生活用能现状、问题与应对

农村能源转型是农村现代化的重要内容,也是当前中国能源系统转型的一个短板。回顾近四十年来中国农村能源发展取得的巨大成就,能源供应呈现多元化,清洁能源普及率稳步上升;电力基础设施质量显著提升,电价大幅下降后稳定在较低水平。揭示了农村居民生活用能存在的一些问题及原因:传统能源与现代能源并存,清洁商品能用量少;清洁能源基础设施建设难度大、运行维护资金投入少;低收入水平家庭比重高,用能能力偏弱;农户对传统能源的健康风险认知落后,对不同炉具设施的质量缺乏判断能力。进一步分析了固体燃料利用造成的健康和社会经济影响,结合中国的实际情况指出了今后的重点工作领域。     

社会转型背景下凉山彝族传统婚姻文化变迁研究

从“整体主义”视角出发,综合观念、制度、礼仪、行为等方面视凉山彝族婚姻文化为一个有机整体,将其置于凉山彝族社会转型的特定背景进行观照。基于现有婚姻文化研究成果,梳理中华人民共和国成立以来特别是本世纪以来凉山彝族婚姻文化的变迁脉络与变迁内容,分析变迁中出现的积极趋势与负面问题,形成对凉山彝族传统婚姻文化及其变迁的整体性认识,为凉山涉及婚姻文化的移风易俗治理实践提供参考。     

Application of a non-homogeneous Markov chain with seasonal transition probabilities to ozone data

In this work, we assume that the sequence recording whether or not an ozone exceedance of an environmental threshold has occurred in a given day is ruled by a non-homogeneous Markov chain of order one. In order to account for the possible presence of cycles in the empirical transition probabilities, a parametric form incorporating seasonal components is considered. Results show that even though some covariates (namely, relative humidity and temperature) are not included explicitly in the model, their influence is captured in the behavior of the transition probabilities. Parameters are estimated using the Bayesian point of view via Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. The model is applied to ozone data obtained from the monitoring network of Mexico City, Mexico. An analysis of how the methodology could be used as an aid in the decision-making is also given.     

Going to work without educational qualifications: school-to-work transitions of early school leavers in Belgium

ABSTRACT

Risks of exclusion can occur in multiple forms and start early in life. Early school leavers are especially at risk of social exclusion as this is strongly related to turbulent school-to-work-transitions. These young people often find themselves in low-qualified work or unemployment. In this article, we explore the labour market experiences of early school leavers in Flanders, Belgium. In total, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted with nine early school leavers and analysed following a grounded theory approach. Our results demonstrate the difficulties early school leavers encounter in their transitions from school to work and their precarious situation in the labour market. Of particular relevance are the insights gained in revealing the perspectives of young people on the importance of educational qualifications, work experience and participation in the labour market, as well as the strategies they develop to enter the labour market without educational qualifications.     

旅游发展对女性角色变迁的影响研究--以大理周城白族女性为例

女性参与旅游发展是目的地获得可持续发展的重要前提。缺乏旅游发展对女性角色变迁影响的分析，仅将女性参与作为一个必然的过程而不是文化、经济和政治的过程，是女性参与旅游发展在实践中不能获得真正进步的原因。通过对国内外旅游研究中旅游发展对女性角色变迁的影响研究成果进行介绍，以云南大理周城为例，通过田野调查结果的抽样分析，剖析了周城近21年的旅游发展对周城白族妇女角色变迁影响的主要表现、女性角色变迁对大理周城旅游发展的积极意义和消极影响，提出在金融信贷和旅游发展项目中应充分考虑女性的需要，重视社会性别意识，积极改善女性参政议政环境，加强少数民族女性人力资本投资，以互联网为途径整合线上线下营销渠道，提高女性的文化营销能力。     

农业劳动者职业转型中工匠精神的法律塑造

随着城镇化的发展和乡村振兴战略的实施，农业劳动者必然面临职业转型，转型后的职业客观上对劳动者提出了较高的技能要求。农业劳动者职业转型中工匠精神的培育，是提升农业劳动者技能、推动供给侧结构性改革、促进农业强国和创新型国家建设的重要举措。工匠精神要求农业劳动者在转型过程中提高职业技能，忠于雇主，诚实、勤勉、创造性地劳动。未来劳动法立法应转变理念，从保护不同农业劳动者合法权利，强化雇员忠诚义务，健全职业能力开发制度，完善工时、工资、劳动合同激励制度等方面，为农业劳动者工匠精神培育提供全方位、多角度的保障和激励措施。     

Migration pattern in Bangladesh: a covariate-dependent Markov model

Internal migration is one of the major components of rapid and unplanned growth of towns and cities especially in the developing countries. This paper describes the transition pattern of internal out migration in Bangladesh and some sociodemographic factors influencing such migration in the country using a covariate-dependent Markov model. Four types of migration behavior namely, rural to rural, rural to urban, urban to rural and urban to urban are under consideration of this paper. Defining two discrete states, urban and rural, each of such transition can be characterized by a stochastic process; hence we use a two-state Markov chain for this purpose. We find that age, sex, division and reason of migration are significantly associated with internal migration in Bangladesh. The major findings include that any type of migration, rural to rural, rural to urban, urban to rural and urban to urban, mostly take place at the ages of 15–30 as well as at the ages of 0–15; females have higher odds than males to make a migration; Dhaka, Rajshahi and Chittagong divisions have remarkably higher migration rate as compared to Barisal and Sylhet division; and the professional reason is the main reason for rural to urban migration.