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81.
Dan Anderberg 《Journal of population economics》2003,16(1):71-90
This paper uses a model of search unemployment to discuss the interaction between publicly provided insurance and informal
insurance through voluntary income sharing, e.g., between spouses. Income sharing reduces the optimal level of public unemployment
insurance. While it is always individually rational for partners to share income, the effect of voluntary income sharing on
welfare will be negative unless partners can either observe each other's search behavior or are sufficiently altruistic towards
each other. The model is also used to examine a family-based policy. The welfare gains from using such policy are argued to
be small.
Received: 14 December 2000/Accepted: 5 November 2001 相似文献
82.
Ethnic minorities in England and Wales are spatially concentrated in relatively-deprived urban areas. Both geographic clustering
and the economic characteristics of ethnically-concentrated neighbourhoods can impact upon the opportunities and constraints
facing residents of such areas. This paper explores the relationship between the existence of enclaves and the employment
prospects of ethnic minorities in England and Wales. It is shown that there is considerable spatial variation in employment
outcomes. There is a lower incidence of self-employment in more ethnically-concentrated urban areas, which contradicts the
view of ethnic entrepreneurship as an enclave phenomenon. Unemployment rates are also higher for minorities living in more
concentrated areas. Enclaves in England and Wales do not appear to offer many economic benefits to minority individuals.
Received: 31 December 1999/Accepted: 27 November 2000 相似文献
83.
Family size and optimal income taxation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper studies the role of family size in the design of optimal income taxation. We consider a second best setting where
the government observes the number of children and the income of the parents but not their productivity. With a linear tax schedule the marginal tax rate is shown to decrease with the number of children, while the relationship between the demogrant
and family size appears to be ambiguous. With two ability levels, optimal non-linear income tax implies zero marginal tax rates for the higher ability parents; low ability parents have positive marginal tax rates that
decrease with family size.
Received: 4 September 2000/Accepted: 17 May 2001 相似文献
84.
Wolfgang Franz 《Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv》2005,89(2):141-158
Zusammenfassung: Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet aus der Sicht der wirtschaftspolitischen Beratung einige Anforderungen an die Arbeitsmarkt?konomik
und Arbeitsmarktstatistik. Drei Bereiche werden angesprochen: die Arbeitslosenstatistik, die Tariflohnpolitik und die aktive
Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Dabei werden zun?chst die Bemühungen hinsichtlich einer realistischeren Erfassung der Unterbesch?ftigung
gewürdigt, zugleich aber Hinweise auf Verbesserungsm?glichkeiten gegeben. Anforderungen an die amtliche Statistik ergeben
sich des Weiteren hinsichtlich der Tarifentgelte. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Umsetzung der Erkenntnisse der Arbeitsmarkt?konomik
in eine lohnpolitische Orientierungshilfe skizziert. Schlie?lich erfolgt eine kritische Einsch?tzung des Erfolgs der aktiven
Arbeitsmarktpolitik, wobei eine zunehmende Willigkeit zur Bereitstellung der für die Evaluation erforderlichen Daten konstatiert
werden kann.
Summary: This paper deals with three demands on labor economics and labor statistics put forward from the point of view of an advisor to economic policy. Despite several improvements of unemployment statistics, a lot of work remains to be done. With respect to wage policy attempts by the German Council of Economic Experts are discussed how to formulate a guidance for wage policy both on scientific grounds and understandable by the public. Finally, a critical assessment of active labor market policies is presented together with a plea for adequate individual data in order to carry out a sound evaluation of these policies.
* Vortrag für die „Statistische Woche“, die Jahrestagung der Deutschen Statistischen Gesellschaft am 20. September 2004 in Frankfurt/Main. Der Vortragsstil wurde beibehalten. Die hier vorgetragenen Auffassungen liegen allein in der Verantwortung des Autors und stellen nicht notwendigerweise die Auffassungen anderer Institutionen dar. Ich danke Bernd Fitzenberger (Universit?t Frankfurt/Main und ZEW), Joachim M?ller (Universit?t Regensburg), Bernhard Boockmann und Tobias Hagen (ZEW), Irmtraud Beuerlein und Dirk Heinlein (Statistisches Bundesamt) für hilfreiche Kommentare und Anregungen. Verbleibende M?ngel gehen—leider—zu meinen Lasten. 相似文献
85.
Jean‐Baptiste Michau 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2013,11(6):1320-1347
This paper emphasizes the two‐way causality between the provision of unemployment insurance and the cultural transmission of civicness. The returns to being uncivic are increasing in the generosity of unemployment insurance; but this generosity is decreasing in the number of uncivic individuals. In this context, I determine the evolution of preferences across generations and show that cultural heterogeneity is sustained over the long‐run. The dynamics of cultural transmission can generate a long lag between the introduction of unemployment insurance and an increase in people's willingness to live off government‐provided benefits. Hence, it offers an explanation to the ‘European unemployment puzzle’ due to the coexistence of generous unemployment insurance and low unemployment in the 1950s and 1960s. 相似文献
86.
Gemai Chen 《Revue canadienne de statistique》1996,24(3):363-372
Very often in regression analysis, a particular functional form connecting known covariates and unknown parameters is either suggested by previous work or demanded by theoretical considerations so that the deterministic part of the responses has a known form. However, the underlying error structure is often less well understood. In this case, the transform-both-sides (TBS) models are appropriate. In this paper we generalize the usual TBS models and develop tests to assess goodness of fit when fitting TBS or GTBS models. Parameter estimation is discussed, and tests based on the Cramér-von Mises statistic and the Anderson-Darling statistic are presented with a table suitable for finite-sample applications. 相似文献
87.
This paper presents Monte Carlo experiments on the small sample performance of the predictive test for structural change proposed by Ghysels and Hall. The predictive test was found to be more powerful than the overidentifying restrictions test in terms of size-corrected power when a shift in parameter has occurred. Also, it was found that the power of the predictive test decreases drastically as the number of the out-sample data decreases. 相似文献
88.
Matthias Doepke 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(2):337-366
I compare the predictions of three variants of the altruistic parent model of Barro and Becker for the relationship between
child mortality and fertility. In the baseline model fertility choice is continuous, and there is no uncertainty over the
number of surviving children. The baseline model is contrasted to an extension with discrete fertility choice and stochastic
mortality and a setup with sequential fertility choice. The quantitative predictions of the models are remarkably similar.
While in each model the total fertility rate falls as child mortality declines, the number of surviving children increases.
The results suggest that factors other than declining infant and child mortality are responsible for the large decline in
net reproduction rates observed in industrialized countries over the last century.
Financial support by the National Science Foundation (grant SES-0217051) and the UCLA Academic Senate is gratefully acknowledged.
I thank Sebnem Kalemli-Oczan, Rodrigo Soares, and two anonymous referees for comments that helped to substantially improve
the paper. Olesya Baker and Ilya Berger provided excellent research assistance.
Responsible editor: Junsen Zhang. 相似文献
89.
Murat Iyigun 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(2):301-321
This paper explores the role of geography in early development. It presents a model where the odds of survival are higher
in geographically favorable regions. In such regions, higher life expectancy prompts parents to devote more of their resources
to old-age consumption and enables them to invest relatively more in the quantity and quality of their offspring. Investment
in education, together with population growth, helps geographically-favorable economies to attain high levels of a more educated
population that is necessary for sustained economic growth. The empirical evidence is generally supportive of the view that
geographic attributes influenced regional population levels in Europe and its colonial offshoots around 1500 A.D. and that
they affected population levels and educational attainment in low-income countries of the 1990s.
For useful comments and suggestions I thank the editor, two anonymous referees, Daron Acemoglu, Ann Carlos, Phil Graves, Naci
Mocan, Oded Stark, seminar participants at the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Colorado at Denver, and
the 2002 Royal Economic Society Annual Conference. I owe a special debt of gratitude to my advisor Herschel Grossman who passed
away in October 2004 after leaving his mark on many of us in the profession. The standard disclaimer applies.
Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno. 相似文献
90.
徐晋山 《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,27(2):103-105
巴赫六首无伴奏大提琴组曲是大提琴演奏曲目中的经典之作,它具有完善的理论依据和广阔的表现空间,从被发现到现在,一百多年来产生了许多不同的理解和演绎模式,并且随着岁月的流逝,它的魅力、影响力还在与日俱增,新的诠释、新的理解还在源源不断地问世. 相似文献