社会的可持续发展及其公正实现

社会可持续发展不仅是人类追求的目标,也是人类社会发展繁荣至今的根本所在。但我们在强调发展的同时也大力倡导社会公正的实现,只不过是在目前社会主义初级阶段我们更加提倡能够促进社会经济可持续发展的“公正实现”,这种“公正实现”所带来的可持续发展是以效率的提高为前提的。     

Almost Consistent Estimation of Panel Probit Models with “Small” Fixed Effects

We propose four different GMM estimators that allow almost consistent estimation of the structural parameters of panel probit models with fixed effects for the case of small Tand large N. The moments used are derived for each period from a first order approximation of the mean of the dependent variable conditional on explanatory variables and on the fixed effect. The estimators differ w.r.t. the choice of instruments and whether they use trimming to reduce the bias or not. In a Monte Carlo study, we compare these estimators with pooled probit and conditional logit estimators for different data generating processes. The results show that the proposed estimators outperform these competitors in several situations.     

具有Virasoro型的无穷维对称代数的群不变模型

本文利用Virasoro型的对称代数的两种具体的实现获得了各种2 1维具有无穷维Kac-Moody-Virasoro型李代数的不变方程。一些熟知的高维可积模型例如KP方程也被给出。     

工程制图课程体系和教学方法改革的思路与实践

在阐述工程制图课程重要和特殊地位的基础上 ,概括指出了目前我国工程制图课程改革的三种教学模式 ,并列举了国外部分院校课程改革的实例 ,总结出教改共识。在明确课程改革基本思想的前提下 ,具体提出课程改革的总体思路和实践过程 :整合课程内容 ,形成新的课程体系 ,构建基础平台 ;改革教学手段 ,更新教学方法 ,保证教学质量 ,提高教学效率     

A note on LeCam’s bound for the distance between the Poisson binomial and the Poisson distribution

n possibly different success probabilities p ₁, p ₂, ..., p _n is frequently approximated by a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = p ₁ + p ₂ + ... + p _n . LeCam's bound p ² ₁ + p ² ₂ + ... + p _n ² for the total variation distance between both distributions is particularly useful provided the success probabilities are small. The paper presents an improved version of LeCam's bound if a generalized d-dimensional Poisson binomial distribution is to be approximated by a compound Poisson distribution. Received: May 10, 2000; revised version: January 15, 2001     

分类定位 整合资源：我国事业单位改革的关键

目前我国的改革开放已到了攻坚阶段,事业单位改革作为对计划经济体制核心部分改造的一项重要工程,改革难度极大.本文针对我国事业单位目前存在的问题,提出分类定位、整合事业单位资源是我国事业单位改革的关键.     

Two point priors and Γ-minimax estimating in families of uniform distributions

It is shown that when a parameter lying in a sufficiently small interval is to be estimated in a family of uniform distributions, a two point prior is least favourable under squared error loss. The unique Bayes estimator with respect to this prior is minimax. The Γ-minimax estimator is derived for sets Γ of priors consisting of all priors that give fixed probabilities to two specified subintervals of the parameter space if a two point prior is least favourable in Γ.     

关联理论视角下的隐喻翻译研究——以《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》英译为例

借助Pragglejaz团队的“隐喻识别程序”对《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》白皮书中的隐喻进行分类描述,从认知关联视角切入对各类隐喻翻译进行案例分析。为实现白皮书类外宣文本国际传播的最佳社会效益,最大语境效果、共同的语境假设以及交际传播的目的是译者在实现隐喻跨语际转换时的重要考量准则。     

Racial classification in criminology: The reproduction of racialized crime

The (re)production of knowledge about crime is cultural in terms of the questions asked, the comparisons made, and the hypotheses selected to explain crime causation. Since criminologists do not operate in a vacuum, any prejudgments, biases, and beliefs acquired before their professional socialization may well persist and affect their approach to research over the course of their academic careers. Because American criminologists live in a society that racializes a number of problem behaviors, including crime, it is conceivable that widely held beliefs about race that predate graduate training will find their way into assumptions about the relationship between race and crime. Such preprofessional beliefs are transformed into facts when they meet with widespread agreement from other criminologists and thus come to be taken for granted in the objective pursuit of knowledge. Crime is racialized, for example, when the criminal behaviors of individual black offenders are understood in terms of racial traits, racial motives, or racial experiences. When traits, motives, or experiences are classified as the property of whole races or racial communities, these conceptions of race assume causal significance in explaining criminal behavior. Because these traits, motives, and experiences are supposedly shared by entire races or race-class categories, the predisposition to criminality becomes generalized beyond individual Black criminals to whole races or racial communities of noncriminal Blacks. When crime is thus racialized, whole communities or whole categories of phenotypically similar individuals are rendered precriminal and morally suspect. In addition, such racializations in academic criminology can be used to justify increased control of individual black criminals in the larger society; these controls can also legitimately be extended to encompass whole communities and whole categories of phenotypically similar persons who are not involved in crime. This paper will address the role that racializing assumptions play in traditional criminological theories.     

Retirement patterns in Hong Kong: a censored regression analysis

This paper provides an overview of retirement patterns in Hong Kong on the basis of limited data. A censored regression model is used to infer the retirement age from people‘s current retirement status and their current age. This model is equivalent to a restricted probit model, and the interpretation of parameters is straightforward. The results clearly show a negative income effect on the retirement decision. The retirement age seems to be positively related to lifetime earnings but negatively related to the rate of decline of earnings with age. JEL classification: C24, J14, J26 Received May 6, 1996 / Accepted February 5, 1997