全球化进程中的吉尔吉斯斯坦变局与困境

吉尔吉斯斯坦政局周期性变动是全球化进程中注定的被边缘化,政府经济政策失败,贪腐盛行带来的政府合法性危机、社会政治文化暴力功能的示范效应造成国家政权权威的弱化以及大国博弈因素共同作用的结果。文章从全球经济一体化化进程中不断被边缘化的困境入手,分析论述了私有化进程中贪腐盛行引发政府合法性危机、复古的政治文化造成国家政权权威的弱化、全球金融危机中的决策失误和吉尔吉斯斯坦变局的大国博弈因素。     

The recovery paradox: Portraying the complex interplay between job stressors,lack of recovery,and poor well-being

Job stressors such as time pressure, organizational constraints, and interpersonal conflicts matter for individual well-being within organizations, both at the day level and over longer periods of time. Recovery-enhancing processes such as psychological detachment from work during nonwork time, physical exercise, and sleep have the potential to protect well-being. Although the experience of job stressors calls for effective recovery processes, empirical research shows that recovery processes actually are impaired when job stressors are high (recovery paradox). This article presents explanations for the recovery paradox, discusses moderating factors, and suggests avenues for future research.     

Individual differences in the perception of occupational stress and their association with blood pressure status

Casual blood pressure (BP) was recorded in a sample of 217 working adults. A questionnaire was used to obtain subjective reports of job stress. comparisons were made between a group with elevated BP and a normotensive group. The high BP group appeared to perceive more stress. In particular, scores on the role conflict, job versus non-job conflict and type A scales reliably differentiated the groups. In contrast, for the job satisfaction items, no difference between the groups was observed. There appeared to be some association between reported occupational stress and BP level.     

Healthy lower backs in the construction industry in Sweden

This corss-sectional study exmaines the relationship between healthy lower and psychosocial and physical factors in a random sample of 1773 male construction workers. Infoamtion on lower back status, lifestyle habits, stress, psychosomatic and psychological symptoms, psychosocizal demands and resoruces and physical workload were collected by means of a postal questionnaire. Measures of psycholocial and physical factors were based on factor analysis of the data. The criterion variable 'healthy lower back' (HLB)—no lifetime history of low back pain—proved to be valid compared with an interview and a physical examination. A total of 216 workers (12%) reported HLB. The prevalance rate decreased significantly with increasing age. The prevalence rate of HLB was 6% among workers reporting high stress levels. It was postively influenced when there was a balance between demands and resoruces. A low level of physical workload also increased the prevalence rate of HLB. When age, lifestyle and physical factors were kept constant in a multivariate analysis high scores on the discretions index and low scores on eh psychosomatic, psychological and stress indices cosntributed significantly to an increase prevalence rate of HLB.     

问对结构的形成和演变--"汉赋源于隐语"说之文体再考察

这里的“汉赋”主要指汉代散体赋,关于其起源的说法有多种,其中“隐语说”所出较晚。由于缺乏详细论述,这一说法在目前得到的关注仍显不够。以铺陈繁密的语言对事物进行细致的描摹,是散体赋的本质性特征,而先秦隐语游戏同样以“巧言状物”为体征,因此二者之间存在母源关系。从结构上看,隐语和《易》等占繇辞关系密切。中国古代占卜由限定一问一答的形式来显示神谕的神圣性,占繇辞脱开神秘功能转化成隐语而被一般人使用后,其问答形式得到了保留,汉赋的主客问答即脱胎于此。     

乡村振兴背景下农村女性的角色转变困境以重庆市武隆区H乡为例

在全面推进乡村振兴背景下,随着农村经济的转型发展、人口流动的加快、女性赋权增能机制的落实,农村女性在家庭、经济、政治、文化等诸多层面经历了从传统的依附于家庭的附属者开始向乡村振兴的主力军角色转变。在此过程中,农村女性面临着多重期望角色、角色能力和角色需要、主体角色愿望和传统社会角色期望之间的冲突与困境。政府和社会应在文化宣传、教育培训、公益托育等方面加强政策支持,激发农村女性向新角色转变的内生动力,塑造新时代的新女性。     

Chronic strain,daily work stress and pain among workers with rheumatoid arthritis: Does job stress make a bad day worse?

The structure of the job and the daily experience of work are challenges for workers with rheumatoid arthritis. Yet little is known about how these two factors interact to put workers with chronic pain at risk for worse pain on a given day. This exploratory 20 workday diary study of 27 workers with rheumatoid arthritis used hierarchical linear modelling to examine how the structure of the job and neuroticism moderate the relationship between daily undesirable work events (daily stressors), and pain reports within a day. On days with more undesirable work events compared to days with fewer events, individuals with jobs associated with job ‘strain’ (high demand/low control) reported greater midday pain, irrespective of neuroticism and negative mood, than workers with other combinations of demand and control. These findings demonstrate the utility of analysing fluctuating within-person relationships among pain, mood and daily work stressors within the context of the structure of the job, and helps to explain why daily work stressors result in worse health outcomes for some but not all workers with RA.     

A re-analysis of the occupational stress indicator

Abstract

This paper investigates the reliability of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). Data from a sample of university staff, drawn from all areas of an urban university, are used to reassess the apparently low reliabilities of many of the OSI subscales reported by Cooper et al. (1988). In addition, factor analysis results are reported for the first time for the sources of pressure data. The reliability data reported here, while higher reliabilities than originally obtained, remain unacceptably low. A lack of stability in the device as it is currently formulated seems apparent. The paper also presents for the first time a detailed analysis of the sources of pressure scale, indicating a solution different from that proposed by Cooper et al. (1988). Certain areas of the OSI clearly need refinement; the inclusion of locus of control and type A behaviour as personality variables in particular is called into question. Observations regarding the particular strengths and weaknesses of this device, and suggestions for future refinements, are offered.     

The effect of capacity management strategies on employees' well-being: A quantitative investigation into the long-term healthcare industry

The aim of this study is to understand the effects of different capacity management strategies on the well-being of employees in long-term healthcare organizations. Such strategies may produce psychological effects in terms of job satisfaction and well-being among employees, namely frontline employees, thus affecting service quality. We collected 2158 observations from 42 nursing homes in Italy. Our results show that all capacity management strategies addressed in this study can influence the perceived degree of fatigue or of job hazard, and some of them can influence both. Moreover, a better perception of job hazard and fatigue leads to a higher degree of reported well-being from employees, although with the former, it is only through the mediation of job satisfaction. We conclude our paper by discussing theoretical contributions and policy implications.