我国的边疆治理研究

边疆是一个国家特殊的区域,中国古代由于没有确定的边界,所以把王朝国家统治的边缘地带视为边疆,这样的地区也是少数民族生活的区域,所以也被视为民族地区。近代以后,特别是随着民族国家的建立,国家有了确定的边界,因而形成了以边界界定边疆的方式。由此界定的边疆,就是国家邻近边界的地区。中国自古以来都十分重视边疆治理,并取得了巨大的成就。但是,边疆问题的解决不是一劳永逸的,旧有的边疆问题解决了,新的问题还会产生。因此,边疆治理是一个不断常新的过程。今天,中国还面临着发展、稳定和安全三大边疆问题,不仅要进行边疆治理,而且要根据形势的变化对边疆治理进行重构,促进和加强边疆治理。     

高校体育图书资料的管理与利用

高校体育图书资料是高校图书资料情报系统的有机组成部分,科学管理与利用体育图书资料工作是提高高校体育教学科研的有效保障。     

当今中国人究竟应当如何看待资本

尽管资本给当今的中国带来了经济增长、物质财富增加等有目共睹的正面效应,但与此同时,它也有着与日俱增的负面影响。尽管可以对资本的种种负面作用采取种种措施加以限制,但无论如何改变不了资本的本性。资本目前在中国的存在有其合理性,但是资本必定总有一天是要被超越的。我们不能等到资本的合理性发挥殆尽以后再去超越资本,而是应当把利用资本和超越资本有机地结合在一起。     

试论西部大开发与文物保护——以青海省塔尔寺为例

随着西部大开发战略的实施 ,文物的保护工作就显得十分重要。本文从保护与利用两个方面进行了概括的论述 ,提出了如何保护利用的具体意见     

中国第三条农村城镇化道路探索--基于劳动力供给视角

当前中国以异地化转移的城镇化模式已暴露出众多的问题,这种以人口非家庭式迁移和异地转移为主要特点的城镇化发展模式不可持续,必须予以改变。通过对中国第三条农村城镇化道路进行探索可知,以企业战略推动的统筹发展型就地城镇化模式能够弥补前两条道路的不足,可以实现整村、全家同步转移,农民到市民一步的转换,具有多元正效应。在就地转移的第三条道路中,个体的搜寻成本、心理成本、交通成本和住房成本明显低于第二条道路中相应的成本,而生活成本和学习成本则相差不大。将个体劳动供给经典模型进行扩展可知,当工作时间相同时,第三条道路的劳动者个体拥有较高的实际收入和效用水平;从家庭效用模型中也可发现,家庭部门愿意提供的就地转移劳动数量要多于异地转移劳动数量,其更倾向于第三条道路下的就地转移方式。     

城乡差异、就医惯性与老年人卫生服务利用

现有对城乡老年人卫生服务利用不公平的研究多忽略了长期的城乡差异所导致的隐性的农村老年人就医惯性的存在。本研究在控制了收入、医疗保障和就医可及性等因素的条件下,发现就医惯性的存在;并运用集中指数分解法发现,卫生服务的利用存在不公平,偏向于富人,而就医惯性在两种卫生服务利用中的贡献度分别为12%和5%。这种城乡固定差异造成了农村老年人在身体健康、心理健康和自我照料能力上都显著地低于城市老年人。     

“异域”之异表现在哪里?——解析萨伏伊《异域》

萨伏伊在《异域》里把美国南方视为一个不同于美国北方的“异域”,从系统力量之异、种族关系之异和种族心理之异的角度展现“异域”之异,揭露黑人的悲剧人生和白人种族主义制度的非人性和非理性.政治之异、司法之异和大众媒体之异显示了美国社会系统力量的冲突和内耗,抨击了不合理社会制度的反人类性和反文明性.种族情结、种族疏离和信用危机引发的种族关系之异严重威胁着社会稳定和人身安全,恶化了美国的种族关系;身份焦虑、歧视焦虑和越界焦虑通常会深化美国社会的种族心理之异,加剧黑人的双重意识危机,妨碍美国多元化社会的建立和发展.     

西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

Reforming Land‐Tenure Systems in South Africa: Routes to Socio‐Economic and Agricultural Sustainability

Given the historical development of land tenure in South Africa, the aim of this article is to examine the best routes to alleviate poverty and retain sustainable agriculture in the country. First, a theoretical framework is presented that relates land tenure to sustainability, and three historical periods (pre‐colonial, colonial, and apartheid) are then considered to explain the changes in land tenure and their consequences. The progress and main limitations of post‐apartheid land reform to approach agricultural sustainability and alleviate poverty are discussed. Based on the analysis, different possibilities for future land reform are elaborated, followed by some recommendations for future land‐reform policies in South Africa.