中国古代历史主义的哲学分析

中国古代的历史主义是在中华文化土壤上面发育而成,转过来又丰富了中华文化的内涵。中国古代的历史主义主要包括感情总体历史的世界观、超越现实的人生观和保存与创造对立统一的方法论,它是中国人敬天法祖思想的集中表现,是形成中国人特有的悠游含蕴却又生机勃勃的精神风貌的重要因素。     

Childhood exposure to the Second World War and financial risk taking in adult life

Adverse childhood experiences might have long-lasting effects on decisions under uncertainty in adult life. Merging the European Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement with data on conflict events during the Second World War, and relying on region-by-cohort variation in war exposure, we show that warfare exposure during childhood is associated with lower financial risk taking in later life. Individuals who experienced war episodes as children hold less – and are less likely to hold – stocks, but are more likely to hold life insurance, compared to non-exposed individuals. Effects are robust to the inclusion of potential mediating factors, and are tested for nonlinearity and heterogeneity. Moreover, we provide evidence of hedonic adaptation to war, as high and low intensity of war exposure have comparable long-term effects. We also document that war exposure in childhood increases sensitivity to financial uncertainty since exposed-to-war individuals are less likely to hold stocks after periods of high volatility. Finally, we shed light on the most likely mechanism in the relationship between war exposure and financial risk taking – i.e., enhanced sensitivity to uncertainty – and we show that preferences, and not beliefs, channel this relationship.     

Working and disability expectancies at older ages: The role of childhood circumstances and education

The ability to work at older ages depends on health and education. Both accumulate starting very early in life. We assess how childhood disadvantages combine with education to affect working and health trajectories. Applying multistate period life tables to data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) for the period 2008–2014, we estimate how the residual life expectancy at age 50 is distributed in number of years of work and disability, by number of childhood disadvantages, gender, and race/ethnicity. Our findings indicate that number of childhood disadvantages is negatively associated with work and positively with disability, irrespective of gender and race/ethnicity. Childhood disadvantages intersect with low education resulting in shorter lives, and redistributing life years from work to disability. Among the highly educated, health and work differences between groups of childhood disadvantage are small. Combining multistate models and inverse probability weighting, we show that the return of high education is greater among the most disadvantaged.     

Does Society Matter? Life Satisfaction in the Enlarged Europe

Life satisfaction is quite heterogeneously distributed across countries of the enlarged European Union. Previous research has shown how living conditions within individual countries, such as access to material and emotional resources, are important for personal well-being, but it has been less successful in explaining differences between countries. This article investigates whether it matters in which political and economic circumstances people live, as well as whether their particular perception of the quality of their societal environment plays a role. People are well aware that the institutional and cultural settings in which their lives are embedded create opportunities and limitations: within individual countries, perceptions of society influence life satisfaction outcomes irrespective of access to resources. However, their importance for well-being differs across Europe: perceptions of societies are highly decisive in countries that provide only a minimum of social security and in which the reliability of political institutions is poor. In rich and stable countries, the impact is weaker and private social support becomes more important. In addition to these country-specific weights of life satisfaction determinants, life satisfaction variations between countries can be explained to a large extent by taking into consideration the economic performance, the social security level, and the political culture in a country—all in all, general conditions that enable people to live a respectable life.     

Risk-Reducing Legal Documents: Controlling Personal Health and Financial Resources

Every adult can eliminate the risk of losing control of personal health decisions and financial resources by having a last will and testament, health proxy, power of attorney, and living trust. Yet evidence suggests that less than a majority of adult Americans have these documents. We surveyed 900 adult Americans (25 plus years old) to determine what factors predict the possession of these risk-reducing documents. In total, 46% had a living will and testament, 32% a durable power of attorney, 30% a health proxy, and 18% a living trust. Events that prompt people with wealth to secure these documents, such as increasing age, getting married, having children, and experiencing a life-threatening event were the strongest predictors of having a will. These were also among the strongest predictors of having a health proxy, along with a personal history of being proactive, and a family history that fostered trust of attorneys. Affluence, age, and education were the strongest predictors of having a living trust, and the strongest correlate of having a durable power of attorney was having faced a life-threatening event, positive experiences with attorneys, and higher educational achievement.     

论高校后勤社会化工作中的几个问题

本文论述了高校后勤社会化的渐进性以及后勤办产业等问题     

无从回避：寻常之活与“激情”死亡——以池莉和余华为例辨析两种人生价值取向

新时期学中,以池莉和余华为代表的两种人生价值取向耐人寻求。池莉的“过日子小说”所显示的是一种寻常生活的意义,是对从前被忽视的弱势群体及其粗鄙生存权利的尊重。而余华的“激情”死亡更多地带有后现代意味,同样对建构多元化世界具有一定的意义。     

诗性智慧的和弦--儒释道与苏轼的艺术人生

儒释道思想因素与苏轼人生艺术的关系,表现在学习和应物两个方面。苏轼对儒释道三家的学习,一方面是自觉的广博的学习和吸取,既沉潜深入而具体落到实处,又虚怀客观不以先入之见阻止自己学习;另一方面是在学习中将三家精神根本性的主张“打通”,以他特有的熔铸才能,构造成了一个周密的思想结构。他对三教思想在学习基础上的融会,不是所谓“为学术而学术”,而是“遇物而应,施则无穷”的“应物”。     

Comparisons of Test Statistics Arising from Marginal Analyses of Multivariate Survival Data

We investigate the properties of several statistical tests for comparing treatment groups with respect to multivariate survival data, based on the marginal analysis approach introduced by Wei, Lin and Weissfeld [Regression Analysis of multivariate incomplete failure time data by modelling marginal distributians, JASA vol. 84 pp. 1065–1073]. We consider two types of directional tests, based on a constrained maximization and on linear combinations of the unconstrained maximizer of the working likelihood function, and the omnibus test arising from the same working likelihood. The directional tests are members of a larger class of tests, from which an asymptotically optimal test can be found. We compare the asymptotic powers of the tests under general contiguous alternatives for a variety of settings, and also consider the choice of the number of survival times to include in the multivariate outcome. We illustrate the results with simulations and with the results from a clinical trial examining recurring opportunistic infections in persons with HIV.     

贯彻“三个代表”思想 提高老年工作水平

老年工作贯彻落实江泽民同志“三个代表”重要思想的要求,一是必须使老年人做到“老有所为”,提高他们的生命质量,为促进我国先进生产力的发展作出新贡献;二是必须使老年人做到“老有所教”,提高他们的思想道德和科学文化素质,为促进我国经济发展和社会全面进步发挥积极作用;三是必须使老年人做到“老有所乐”,提高他们的生活质量,促使他们健康长寿,生活幸福。只有这样,才能提高老年工作水平。