Robust models in probability sampling

In the estimation of a population mean or total from a random sample, certain methods based on linear models are known to be automatically design consistent, regardless of how well the underlying model describes the population. A sufficient condition is identified for this type of robustness to model failure; the condition, which we call 'internal bias calibration', relates to the combination of a model and the method used to fit it. Included among the internally bias-calibrated models, in addition to the aforementioned linear models, are certain canonical link generalized linear models and nonparametric regressions constructed from them by a particular style of local likelihood fitting. Other models can often be made robust by using a suboptimal fitting method. Thus the class of model-based, but design consistent, analyses is enlarged to include more realistic models for certain types of survey variable such as binary indicators and counts. Particular applications discussed are the estimation of the size of a population subdomain, as arises in tax auditing for example, and the estimation of a bootstrap tail probability.     

基于公司治理信息的财务困境预警实证研究

在分别借助因子分析和单变量检验对公司财务信息和治理信息进行统计处理的基础上，构建并实证检验中国上市公司财务困境预警的两大模型，即仅包含财务信息与融合财务信息和公司治理信息的Logistic回归预警模型。实证结果表明：公司治理信息对公司陷入财务困境具有显著的影响，引入公司治理信息的模型预测能力更强。     

A characteristic function approach to the biased sampling model,with application to robust logistic regression

Many sampling problems from multiple populations can be considered under the semiparametric framework of the biased, or weighted, sampling model. Included under this framework is logistic regression under case–control sampling. For any model, atypical observations can greatly influence the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters. Several robust alternatives have been proposed for the special case of logistic regression. However, some current techniques can exhibit poor behavior in many common situations. In this paper a new family of procedures are constructed to estimate the parameters in the semiparametric biased sampling model. The procedures incorporate a minimum distance approach, but are instead based on characteristic functions. The estimators can also be represented as the minimizers of quadratic forms in simple residuals, thus yielding straightforward computation. For the case of logistic regression, the resulting estimators are shown to be competitive with the existing robust approaches in terms of both robustness and efficiency, while maintaining affine equivariance. The approach is developed under the case–control sampling scheme, yet is shown to be applicable under prospective sampling logistic regression as well.     

大学生消费调查分析

根据江苏科技大学402名大学生的消费抽样调查资料,分析了大学生消费的差异及原因,通过建立Logistic回归模型证实了家庭收入差别是引发学生消费差异的根本因素,同时针对目前大学生消费的一些不合理现象,提出了引导大学生消费需加强荣辱观教育和理财知识教育的建议。     

Posterior consistency of logistic Gaussian process priors in density estimation

We establish weak and strong posterior consistency of Gaussian process priors studied by Lenk [1988. The logistic normal distribution for Bayesian, nonparametric, predictive densities. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 83 (402), 509–516] for density estimation. Weak consistency is related to the support of a Gaussian process in the sup-norm topology which is explicitly identified for many covariance kernels. In fact we show that this support is the space of all continuous functions when the usual covariance kernels are chosen and an appropriate prior is used on the smoothing parameters of the covariance kernel. We then show that a large class of Gaussian process priors achieve weak as well as strong posterior consistency (under some regularity conditions) at true densities that are either continuous or piecewise continuous.     

A new mixture model for capture heterogeneity

Summary.  We propose a mixture of binomial and beta–binomial distributions for estimating the size of closed populations. The new mixture model is applied to several real capture–recapture data sets and is shown to provide a convenient, objective framework for model selection. The new model is compared with three alternative models in a simulation study, and the results shed light on the general performance of models in this area. The new model provides a robust flexible analysis, which automatically deals with small capture probabilities.     

社会资本对农户参与农田水利合作影响的实证研究

为解决农村水利设施供给困境,提高农户自主参与水利合作的积极性,从新的视角探究解决办法十分必要。从社会资本视角,采用因子分析法构建社会资本综合指数,引入Logistic模型全面分析社会资本对农户参与水利合作的影响。指出社会资本是一个多维度概念,可以划分为社会声望、社会规范、社会参与、网络规模、网络密度、社会信任六个维度,每个维度对农户参与水利合作有正向影响,但影响程度不同; 社会资本综合指数对农户参与农田水利合作有积极影响; 此外,农户合作意愿还受到文化程度、耕地面积、种植业收入比重的影响。研究旨在为发挥农户社会资本的积极作用,解决农村水利建设合作问题提供实证依据。     

Regression Methods for Combining Multiple Classifiers

As no single classification method outperforms other classification methods under all circumstances, decision-makers may solve a classification problem using several classification methods and examine their performance for classification purposes in the learning set. Based on this performance, better classification methods might be adopted and poor methods might be avoided. However, which single classification method is the best to predict the classification of new observations is still not clear, especially when some methods offer similar classification performance in the learning set. In this article we present various regression and classical methods, which combine several classification methods to predict the classification of new observations. The quality of the combined classifiers is examined on some real data. Nonparametric regression is the best method of combining classifiers.