欧洲主权债务危机与欧元的前景

由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机对欧洲大陆的冲击使欧洲长期积累的财政和债务问题逐步转变为主权债务危机。欧债危机的持续发酵主要是由欧元区内货币政策与财政政策脱节、高社会福利与低经济增长矛盾以及危机爆发后救助迟缓、乏力等因素导致的,同时它也是欧元区在建立之初就一直存在的严重的结构性缺陷所带来危害的集中体现。欧债危机对欧元区的稳定造成了极大冲击,给欧元未来的命运蒙上了一层阴影。欧元区未来的结局可能是促使欧债危机国家退出欧元区,而这对欧洲一体化进程则是沉重的打击。     

Do taboo trade-offs explain the difficulty in valuing health and social interventions?

Persistent anomalies in the results of willingness to pay studies, despite improvements in measurement technique, challenge the assumption in economics that all sources of value are commensurable. Two sources of incommensurability have been identified: interdimensional incommensurability, which refers to the cognitive difficulty that people encounter when trying to assign a monetary value to health; and constitutive incommensurability, which arises when some forms of trade-off are regarded as ‘taboo’. In this paper we explore whether the notion of taboo trade-offs might explain some of the difficulties experienced in health-related willingness to pay studies.     

移动通信单向收费定价策略研究

随着移动通信业务的飞速发展,其收费模式和定价策略为世界各国所关注。本文从中国电信产业现状出发,对移动通信单向收费定价策略进行研究,结果表明:①网络外部性对移动通信市场有福利增加效果;②产业发展早期,可采取呼叫付费原则发展移动通信;③产业发展后期,可采取分离付费原则增加社会福利。     

QALYs versus WTP.

Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and willingness to pay (WTP) are alternative measures of the value of reductions in health risk that are often used in evaluating environmental, health, and safety practices. Although both methods are based on individual preferences, the underlying assumptions differ. The different bases yield systematically different conclusions about the relative value of reducing health and mortality risks to individuals that differ in age, preexisting health conditions, income, and other factors. The choice of which method to use depends on judgments about what constraints should be placed on individual preferences and what factors should be considered in aggregating preferences across people.     

假日旅游收入成本和消费分析

"黄金周"的出现,开启了居民假日旅游的热潮,假日旅游的收入成本和消费分析,揭示出"虚增旅游成本的负面影响",提出了"分流"和"合理配置资源"解决对策。     

关注社会现实:20世纪中国民俗学研究的回顾与瞻望

民俗学是以研究民间风俗习惯为对象的一门人文科学。民俗学研究对社会现实关注的范围和程度决定其学科前途和命运。民俗学在外国历史考古中创立,在现实需要中成为“显学”,在关注社会现实中发展。我国具有丰厚的民俗资源,社会环境优越,学术前景广阔。     

Altruism and Market-Like Behavior: An Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Recycled Paper Products

The contrast between self-interested behavior guided by rational choice and altruistic behavior guided by normative considerations is a central theme in the social sciences. This study suggests that market and market-like behavior, the context where self-interest is expected to dominate, is in fact often motivated by altruism. This argument is tested by examining a willingness to pay measure, a surrogate for the market that is finding substantial use in analyses of public policy. In particular, the ability of the Schwartz model of altruism to explain willingness to pay for recycled products is examined. Findings indicate that even as the Schwartz model has explained many purely altruistic behaviors, it also can explain self-reported willingness to pay. While economists often have noted the importance of rational choice in even the most intimate of human decisions, this study notes the importance of normative altruism in even the most calculated.     

公平与效率关系问题辨析——评坚持"效率优先、兼顾公平"的若干观点

党的十六届四中全会以来,中央再三强调要注重社会公平,加大调节收入分配的力度,未再提“效率优先、兼顾公平”。一些学者主张仍要坚持“效率优先、兼顾公平”,其种种论据是不能成立的。公平与效率,从根本上说是内在有机统一和互动的关系,不存在孰先孰后、孰重孰轻的问题,二者是互为条件、互相制约、互相促进的。     

Quality Provision with Heterogeneous Consumer Reservation Utilities

This study examines a firm's quality and price decisions when consumers differ not only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality but also in their reservation utility for the basic product. We find that while the firm offers lower‐quality products when consumers' valuations for quality deteriorate, the optimal quality may increase with a negative shift in consumers' reservation utilities. We also investigate the optimal price and quality of the products within a vertically differentiated product line when the number of products is exogenously given. The existing literature shows that when consumers differ only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality, the firm sets the efficient quality for consumers with the highest valuation for quality, whereas the concern for cannibalization pushes down the quality of inferior products. We find that when consumers are heterogeneous in both their reservation utility and valuation for quality, the concern for cannibalization may distort the quality upwards, even for consumers with the highest willingness‐to‐pay for quality. In addition, a low‐quality product may enjoy a higher profit margin than a high‐quality product within the product line.     

投射偏差视角下的服务类品牌消费--以农村信息消费支付意愿为例

现将投射偏差模型框架引入服务类耐用品消费者均衡中,从理论上阐述投射偏差如何会导致消费者在服务类商品消费时无法达到效用最大化。研究采用实验和实地调研的方法,一共有251名人员参与了实验与调研,分析上网体验对于未来一年宽带的支付意愿影响。研究结果发现,人们在体验上网前后对于信息的认知状态有显著差异,没有上过网的人会基于当前的认知状态而低估未来一年宽带的效用,其支付意愿明显低于上过网的人,投射偏差在服务类耐用品的消费均衡中发挥了重要作用。