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41.
Factors Affecting Alcohol Purchase Decisions and Expenditures: A Sample Selection Analysis by Ethnicity in Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew K. G. Tan Steven T. Yen Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr. 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(2):149-159
Heckman’s sample selection model was applied to data from the Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005 to examine
the factors influencing the likelihood of purchasing and the amount spent on alcohol in Malaysia. Results of the marginal
effects suggest that while socio-demographic factors are important determinants of household purchase decisions and expenditure
levels on alcohol in Malaysia, the effects vary across ethnic groups. Specifically, although education had a significant but
modest impact in reducing the probability of alcohol purchases and expenditure levels among ethnic Chinese households, this
effect was not evident among the ethnic Indians and other races. While increasing household size lowered the likelihood of
purchasing alcohol and its expenditure levels for all ethnic groups, the reinforcing effects of both income and gender were
relevant only for ethnic Chinese and Indian households. Last, urban Indian households were less likely to purchase alcohol
and spend less compared to rural Indian households.
Andrew K. G. Tan is Senior Lecturer of Economics at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Besides teaching Microeconomics and Environmental Economics, he conducts research in the areas of consumer-household demand, health economics and non-market goods. Steven T. Yen is Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Professor Yen has published in consumer demand analysis and applied micro-econometrics. His current research areas include addressing the effects of government programs on children’s welfare and the economics of food demand, nutrition, health, and food safety. Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jr. is Professor and Tyson Chair in Food Policy Economics in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness at the University of Arkansas. Prior to joining the University of Arkansas, he was a professor at Texas A&M University and Rutgers University. His research interests include nutrition and health economics, food policy, and behavioral economics. 相似文献
Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr.Email: |
Andrew K. G. Tan is Senior Lecturer of Economics at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Besides teaching Microeconomics and Environmental Economics, he conducts research in the areas of consumer-household demand, health economics and non-market goods. Steven T. Yen is Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Professor Yen has published in consumer demand analysis and applied micro-econometrics. His current research areas include addressing the effects of government programs on children’s welfare and the economics of food demand, nutrition, health, and food safety. Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jr. is Professor and Tyson Chair in Food Policy Economics in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness at the University of Arkansas. Prior to joining the University of Arkansas, he was a professor at Texas A&M University and Rutgers University. His research interests include nutrition and health economics, food policy, and behavioral economics. 相似文献
42.
Stacey A. Shaw Olivia Cornwell Sin How Lim Rumana Saifi Lik Teng Ung Adeeba Kamarulzaman 《Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work》2018,37(2):128-145
ABSTRACTWe examined the influence of religion and spirituality on HIV risk contexts through in-depth interviews with men who have sex with men (n = 10) and female commercial sex workers (n = 10) in Malaysia. Using a grounded theory approach, five themes emerged from the interviews: (a) religion encourages caring for health, (b) health is influenced by a higher power, (c) prayer is a conduit to health assistance, (d) stigma is compounded by religion but it does not limit one’s spirituality, and (e) religion is not but should be incorporated into HIV campaigns. Incorporation of spirituality in service provision and addressing stigma is warranted. 相似文献
43.
Patricia Yin Yin Lau Gary N. McLean Yen-Chen Hsu Bella Ya-Hui Lien 《Human Resource Development International》2017,20(2):159-179
ABSTRACTBased on person–organization fit theory, this article moves beyond theories of motivation and social exchange relationships that have often been used in commitment literature. This article contributes to understanding perceptions of organizational culture (OC) and affective commitment (AC) through perceptions of a learning organization (LO). Such understanding helps to tackle current commitment issues in Malaysia through strategic human resources development (HRD) planning and deploying organization development activities. We examined: (a) the extent to which organizations with an embraced LO mediated OC and AC, (b) the most influential component of OC in promoting employee AC, and (c) the most important component of LO for influencing OC and AC. We obtained 516 respondents (64.5% response rate) in selected Malaysian private organizations. It was concluded that LO mediated the relationship between OC and AC. Respect for people was an influential factor of OC for AC, while empowerment played a significant role in LO culture mediating the relationship between OC and AC. HRD practitioners should strategically plan organizational activities, norms, and policies that promote organizational learning processes and a learning culture to enhance AC. 相似文献
44.
Shyamala Nagaraj Nai-Peng Tey Chiu-Wan Ng Balambigai Balakrishnan 《Journal of Population Research》2008,25(2):183-205
Higher mortality rates among males are a common occurrence across different cultures and countries. The causes of this higher
mortality can be biological as well as behavioural in nature. The biological evidence applies across all nations and communities,
but the behavioural causes, arising from the decision processes and communication strategies of individuals, will necessarily
have cultural and environmental dimensions that change with time. This study examines gender disparities in mortality across
ethnicity and time in Malaysia. The study shows that there is a consistent gender differential across time but it has widened
for the Malays and the Indians and narrowed for the Chinese. Most importantly, it has widened considerably for young adults.
Analysis of the leading causes of death show that young adult males are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviour, and
that the related causes and the extent of such causes vary across the ethnic groups. 相似文献
45.
马来西亚智能学校教育系统之分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄嘉胜 《湛江师范学院学报》2001,22(5):11-21
马来西亚政府因应21世纪信息时代的来临,提出了一项智能学校(Smart Schools)教育改革计划,以确保其国家教育目标之达成。该项计划结合了教育部的官员、工业界的代表以及多媒体发展委员会的委员之努力与合作,共同发展而发。预定在1999年在小学与中学试办实施,在2010年全国各地实施并期待在2020年全面落实完成,让马国进入已开发国家的行列。根据智能学校实施计划可以归纳出下列四项特色:提供个人信方位的发展;注重智能、情绪与身体的发展;培育科技的素养能力及建立教育民主化制度。本研究依据1997年马国教育部智能学校计划小组出版之概念蓝图,分别就智能学校的概念模式、教学与学习、行政与管理、教学实施过程、科技资源、人员、技巧、责任及政策执行等项依序介绍其特色与内容要点,俾能提供台湾规划九年一贯制教育改革有关人员的参考。 相似文献
46.
Sulaiman Aris Michael Hubbard 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2015,33(6):759-781
The OECD's Paris Declaration (2005) discouraged donor project implementation units (PIUs) which are not integrated into government. But little is known about the behaviour and effects of PIUs integrated into government. Are they efficient? Do they support country systems? This article responds to these questions using research comparing two streams of implementation of schools investments in Malaysia's Eighth Plan 2001–2005, one via government alone and the other via a World Bank PIU integrated into government. It emphasises the conflicts which can exist within country systems, and how these affect the choices which a donor faces in seeking efficient implementation of a project while supporting country systems. 相似文献
47.
胡月霞 《中国石油大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,22(1):103-108
作为一个以中文书写、创作主体与接受群体又绝大多数是华人的文学系统,马华文学的确很难摆脱中华民族文化的影响。马来西亚华人自然也受到“中国”的影响,从中国飘洋过海而来的祖辈们把“中国”的记忆传递给下一代,并且一代接一代地传递下去,因此,它无法)开与中国文化藕断丝连的关系。中国情结在马来西亚华文作家群中是一种相当普遍的现象,多数表现出作家对中华文化丝丝缕缕割切不断的牵连。不同的是,有的流露于言谈举止、气质神采之中,而有的则化成字里行间的情愫。 相似文献
48.
AR Mubarak 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2006,15(3):240-246
This study explores the association between employment opportunities, psychiatric disability and quality of life of male and female patients with schizophrenia. The data were collected from 100 male and 100 female patients and their primary caregivers through personal interviews. The Disability Assessment Schedule and the Quality of Life Interview were used to collect the data. The results of the present study indicate that a large number of both the men and women were unemployed, although they suffered from only mild psychotic symptoms and had no or only minimum psychiatric disability. However, in almost all areas and levels of psychiatric disability, a significantly higher number of men than women were employed. However, the subjective Quality of Life of the employed men was significantly lower than that of the unemployed. Keeping in mind these two results, the present study argues that there is minimal community recognition in Malaysia for the employment potential of people with schizophrenia. The study also argues that policy makers must legislate to create more appropriate workplaces for the mentally ill. People with schizophrenia are entitled to just and fair treatment, and workplaces should be made attractive to them. 相似文献
49.
Tan Chee‐Beng 《Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power》2013,20(4):441-480
Using examples from Malaysia, this paper emphasizes the importance of relating ethnicity to the power of the state and political processes involving different ethnic groups. Ethnic group formation involves processes that make people identify as an imagined community in a nation‐state. Indeed, the processes that create ethnic and national identities are part and parcel of the same historical processes. It is also necessary to relate national identity to ethnicity, as national identity is imagined differently by different ethnic groups in a nation‐state. The paper describes Malay and Chinese ethnicity as well as the complex ethnic identification and ethnogenesis of the indigenous peoples of Sarawak. 相似文献
50.
Gerhard Hoffstaedter 《Asian Ethnicity》2013,14(4):475-489
Debates on secularism in Malaysia often revolve around the legal, especially the constitutional, framework. To this end several NGOs organised a road show in 2006 to debate issues surrounding freedom of religion. Not only were these events mobbed by angry crowds, but also the state intervened and shut down these and future discussions on the topic of religion, deeming such debates sensitive. This article addresses the particularities of secularism in Malaysia vis-à-vis Olivier Roy's thesis in ‘Secularism Confronts Islam’ that sees religious space and secular space as discernable yet not antithetical and Charles Taylor's thesis in the ‘Secular Age’, where he points to a new definition of secularism as a pluralist and transcendent notion of belief. In Malaysia both variants are present, with the state playing a dangerous game situating itself between reactionary Muslim forces and a moderate majority. 相似文献