海合会国家与美国的安全合作

美国插手海湾事务,客观上使海湾各种力量重新趋于平衡。美国主导海湾防务,必然会按照美国意志行事,以使海合会国家的安全利益服从于美国全球战略利益,这与海合会国家寻求美国庇护的初衷产生了矛盾。随着时间的推移,这种矛盾越发凸显,海合会国家的不安全感也越发强烈。虽然这些问题目前不会阻碍双方安全合作的进程,但会影响双方全面合作的深度。     

Optimizing the “demographic dividend” in young developing countries: The role of contractual savings and insurance for financing education

Many developing regions are facing a youth bulge, meaning that young people comprise the highest proportion of the population. These regions are at risk of losing what could be a tremendous opportunity for economic growth and development if they do not capitalize on this young and economically productive population, also referred to as the “demographic dividend,” defined as the increase in economic growth that tends to follow increases in the ratio of the working‐age population – essentially the labor force – to dependents. Nations undergoing this population transition have the opportunity to capitalize on the demographic dividend if the right social, economic, and human capital policies are in place. In particular, Sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and North Africa are at risk of losing the demographic dividend. These regions face high youth unemployment, low primary school completion, and low secondary school enrollment. This results in an undereducated and unskilled segment of the population. The prohibitive costs of education prevent young people from finishing school, thereby entering the labor market unprepared. This article presents a case for youth‐focused financial inclusion programs as one of the antidotes to the masses of poor, undereducated, and low‐skilled young people swelling the labor markets of poor developing countries.     

School Choice in London and Paris – A Comparison of Middle‐class Strategies

Education is one major public service in which quasi‐markets and other choice‐based mechanisms are now established methods of delivery. The types of school people choose, and the extent to which their choices are realized, have a fundamental impact on the outcomes of any mechanism of school choice. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of the school choice strategies of middle‐class families in London and Paris. We draw on approximately 200 in‐depth interviews carried out across the two cities. This enables us to investigate the extent to which middle‐class school choice strategies transcend the institutional context provided by both the local (state and private) schools market and national education policy in England and France. We discuss these findings in the context of current school choice policy and consider their implications for future policy design.     

The Middle‐class in the German Welfare State: Beneficial Involvement at Stake?

The working‐class is typically regarded as the driving force of welfare state development. Yet, some argue that the middle‐classes' beneficial involvement in the welfare state is crucial for its financial sustainability and popular legitimacy. Against this backdrop, we investigate how recent welfare state reforms in Germany which affect the status of the middle‐class are viewed and discussed by this group. Germany is a particularly interesting case because its welfare state is seen to be centred on the desires of the middle‐class, especially through its focus on status maintenance and horizontal redistribution over the life‐course. However, the move from status maintenance to minimum income support in unemployment provision and the strengthening of private old age provision challenge this assumption. Thus, we ask how the German middle‐class views the emerging abandonment of the principle of status maintenance and the shift from collective to individual responsibility. Based on qualitative material from focus groups, we find that individual responsibility is generally supported, but that the state is still assigned responsibility for providing basic levels of social security. Furthermore, for those groups seen as less capable of acting individually responsible (e.g. the poor or long‐term unemployed) the ‘inducement’ of – or assistance for – individually responsible behaviour by the state is demanded. Overall, while the principle of ‘individual responsibility’ seems to find some resonance among the middle‐class members interviewed, they still try to balance individual and collective responsibility.     

伊朗核计划的动因及其影响

自伊朗秘密建造核设施的消息曝光之后,伊朗的核问题成为国际又一热点.本文介绍了伊朗核问题的由来,分析了伊朗现行核政策的意图以及"逆潮流而动"坚持现行核政策的依据,并进一步指出它对未来中东政治格局的影响.     

从新课标审视农村职中体育教学的改革与发展

新课程标准的实施对农村职业中学体育教学的改革产生了积极而深刻的影响,体育教学应如何体现职业特色,按照新的课程标准要求提出体育教学改革的基本思路和发展对策,是一个具有理论和实践双重价值的课题。论文以农村职业中学体育理论、实践与健康为研究对象,研究在新课程标准下农村职业中学体育教学改革与发展的对策。     

90后初中学生家庭教育现状调查及其对策探究——以南宁市某中学学生为例

通过对90后初中学生家庭教育现状进行调查,结果显示,总体上,90后初中学生家庭具有良好的育人氛围、大多数家长具有较正确的教育观念和科学的教育方式,但调查同时发现少数家长家庭教育观念滞后,家庭教育内容存在重智轻德、重科学轻人文,评价方式上存在重结果轻过程、重定量轻定性等现象,针对这些问题进行探讨并提出了相应对策。     

论晚期中世纪室内装饰画表现要素的嬗变

因装饰主题、装饰环境和赞助体系溢出宗教范围,欧洲中世纪晚期的装饰画从神圣的教堂进入俗世的家庭。结合这一时期的绘画技法理论和实践作品,可以看出,装饰画的表现要素,如载体、材料、功能、形式、尺寸、风格与技法经历了一系列的拓展嬗变,其中赞助人身份和趣味的变化,以及人文主义思想都起到了积极的推动作用。     

Additive risks regression model for middle censored exponentiated-exponential lifetime data

Jammalamadaka and Mangalam introduced middle censoring which refers to data arising in situations, where the exact lifetime becomes unobservable if it falls within a random censoring interval. In the present article, we propose an additive risks regression model for a lifetime data subject to middle censoring, where the lifetimes are assumed to follow exponentiated exponential distribution. The regression parameters are estimated using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Asymptotic normality of the estimator is proposed. We report a simulation study to assess the finite sample properties of the estimator. We then analyze a real-life data on survival times of larynx cancer patients studied by Karduan.     

城市社区中老年人口死亡态度影响因素研究

死亡态度直接影响个体的生命和生活质量。本文利用在成都市城市社区进行的抽样调查数据,对影响城市社区中老年人口死亡态度的个人和家庭因素进行了分析。分析结果表明:性别、身体健康状况、家庭经济状况、家庭谈论死亡情况是影响城市社区中老年人口死亡态度的因素。研究发现可为城市社区中老年人口死亡教育的实施、保障和促进该群体的生命和生活质量提供有益的参考。