Political Activism of Palestinian Youth: Exploring Individual,Parental, and Ecological Factors

The growing literature on youth and political conflict has not included an adequate focus on youth activism. To address this deficit, this study used youth‐ and parent‐reported data (N = 6,718) from the 1994–1995 Palestinian Family Study to test an ecological model of family influence (parents' activism, expectations for their adolescents' activism, support, psychological control), youth characteristics (self‐evaluation), and elements of the broader social ecology (socioeconomic status, religiosity, and region of residence) predicting Palestinian 9th graders' political activism during the first intifada (1987–1993). Parental activism was the strongest predictor of youth activism, both directly and via parental expectations for activism. Classic parenting behaviors were not systematically useful in understanding activism; neither were socioeconomic status or religiosity. The model applied equally well for sons and daughters, with the exception that maternal activism contributed uniquely to daughters' activism beyond the significant effect of fathers' activism.     

Living in the city: school friendships,diversity and the middle classes

Much of the literature on the urban middle classes describes processes of both affiliation (often to the localities) and disaffiliation (often from some of the non‐middle‐class residents). In this paper, we consider this situation from a different position, drawing on research exploring whether and how children and adults living in diverse localities develop friendships with those different to themselves in terms of social class and ethnicity. This paper focuses on the interviews with the ethnically diverse, but predominantly white British, middle‐class parent participants, considering their attitudes towards social and cultural difference. We emphasize the importance of highlighting inequalities that arise from social class and its intersection with ethnicity in analyses of complex urban populations. The paper's contribution is, first, to examine processes of clustering amongst the white British middle‐class parents, particularly in relation to social class. Second, we contrast this process, and its moments of reflection and unease, with the more deliberate and purposeful efforts of one middle‐class, Bangladeshi‐origin mother who engages in active labour to facilitate relationships across social and ethnic difference.     

论土耳其埃尔多安政府的外交政策

以埃尔多安为总理的土耳其政府,改变了土耳其以往单维度、不平衡的外交政策,开始向多维度、多样化的方向逐渐发展,积极扩展在中东、中亚、高加索、巴尔干、非洲等地区的影响力,以改善与邻国的关系,其外交政策显示出更大的独立性。尽管埃尔多安政府在外交上主要以西方国家尤其是美国作为外交基轴,但并未一味地为迎合美国而在国际事务中处处跟随其后,而是着力扩大国家影响力在国际舞台上寻求独立声音。中东剧变后,埃尔多安政府的外交政策表现出延续性和灵活性。需要指出的是,埃尔多安政府外交政策的调整并不意味着以西方国家为基轴的外交战略发生根本性扭转,外交政策的东移不过是亲西方政策的补充,旨在更好地完善土耳其的外交政策。     

浅析沂南方言中“非汉字符号”五组声母的中古来源及分布

图二 : 组与 组分布图　 (◎表示 组与 组对立　○表示 组　●表示 组 )图三 : 组分布图 (○表示 组　◎表示异于 组的其它读音情况 )浅析沂南方言中“非汉字符号”五组声母的中古来源及分布@刘文双$贵州大学中文系!贵州贵阳550025[1]沂南县地方志编纂委员会.沂南县志[Z].济南:齐鲁书社,1997.P1,47-49,519-599,605-608. [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所.方言调查字表[Z].北京:商务印书馆,1981.P1-80. [3]唐作藩.音韵学教程[M ].北京:北京大学出版社,1991.P115-126.…     

论中世纪英国司法的相对独立性

英国自国家产生之日起,法律就在社会生活中享有崇高权威,形成了崇法遵法的法治传统.从12-13世纪起,又建立起一套由三大中央法庭和巡回法庭组成的专职法庭组织,兴起了一个以法官和律师为主体的法律职业阶层.因此,中世纪英国的司法具有一定的相对独立性.正是在此历史基础上,英国在刚刚跨入近代门槛时,就先于世界其他各国确立起了司法独立.     

抗战前长江中下游地区地主城居述析

抗战以前 ,尤其是 2 0世纪二三十年代 ,随着农村社会动荡不安 ,长江中下游地区地主城居的规模和速度日益扩大 ,并且呈现出与此前不同的特点。地主城居在政治上使农村社会基层权力结构中非官方力量制约减弱 ,加重了农村基层政权地痞化和流氓化的趋势 ,基层政权的合法性危机加深。在经济方面 ,地主城居虽然促进了商品经济的发展和城乡经济联系增强 ,但是由于地主城居带走相当数量的现金并造成租佃关系形式的改变 ,加剧了 30年代前期农村金融枯竭和农村破产。     

离异家庭亲子沟通与初中生人格特点的相关分析

笔者旨在探讨离异家庭亲子沟通的特点及其对初中生人格发展的影响。采用的方法是自编初中生亲子沟通问卷和中学生人格五因素问卷,对242名初中生进行调查。研究结果表明：普通家庭和离异家庭初中生与母亲沟通的状况要好于父亲;普通家庭和离异家庭父亲在与孩子沟通的主动性方面差异显著;普通家庭和离异家庭初中生与母亲沟通主动性的差异不显著;普通家庭与离异家庭初中生在与家长进行沟通时沟通内容方面的差异显著;普通家庭和离异家庭家长在与孩子造成沟通问题原因的差异显著;普通家庭初中生在谨慎性、情绪性以及人格总分的得分与离异家庭的初中生相比差异显著;离异家庭亲子沟通的各项内容、得分与人格各维度、总分存在相关。因此,通过改善离异家庭的亲子沟通状况,可以对促进离异家庭青少年人格健康发展起积极的推动作用。     

“在路上”的修行者——“中间代”诗人的精神成长史

1990年代以来,“中间代”诗人已经在“诗路”上前行了20余载,与他们取得的成就相反,这拨诗人从命名到写作还存在着诸多争议和问题,使其内心呈现出难以排遣的精神焦虑与压迫感.而作为沉潜、内敛的一代,他们面对物化时代的文学生存环境,却以坚韧的性格和不断精进的诗艺手法,守护着诗歌的尊严,为诗坛树立了一面精神风旗.     

当代中日中小学道德教育发展趋势比较

对当代中日中小学道德教育发展趋势的共同点、不同点及造成不同点的原因进行分析和归纳,以期为我国中小学道德教育改革提供借鉴。     

Midwifery in Middle Eastern and North African countries: A scoping review

BackgroundWhile midwives are positioned as critical providers for improving sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health outcomes in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, the standards of midwifery have not been explored systematically in this region.AimThe purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing literature on midwifery practice, education, and regulation in MENA countries in the context of ICM standards.MethodsA search was conducted inclusive of English and Persian written studies published between 2000 and 2019 in CINAHL plus; Ovid MEDLINE; PubMed; Scopus; and grey literature. Title and abstract and full-text review were performed in Covidence, and data extraction and synthesis performed using NVivo 12.ResultsThe initial search identified 7,994 articles. Overall, 139 studies were included in the review. Although, the primary concept of most included studies was “midwifery practice”, “midwifery regulation” was addressed in limited way. Approximately 90% were from Middle Eastern countries. Forty-two per cent of studies used cross-sectional designs, and most originated from Iran, Jordan, and Palestine. Diversity was found in midwifery education, practice and regulation across the MENA countries. Midwives from different nations had uneven levels of proficiency, scope of practice, and education. Midwifery curricula were aligned with ICM competencies in some countries. Most countries had midwifery associations and were members of ICM. Some countries had regulations recognising midwifery as an autonomous profession.ConclusionMidwifery practice, education and regulation in MENA countries were not always comparable with ICM standards, although some progress was evident.