我国非司法ODR的适用与完善——以闲鱼小法庭为例

互联网经济纠纷的急速增长,迫切需要我国加强完善线上纠纷解决机制(ODR)以解决网络空间中的权利冲突问题。非司法ODR既传承了我国儒家传统的无讼解纷思想,又融会了前沿领域的互联网信息技术,充分将传统与现代相结合并创新智造出具有“线上纠纷线上解决”属性的诉源治理新模式。以闲鱼小法庭为例,基于个人、组织、社会三维效益论视角分析发现:非司法ODR通过融合非诉解纷理念能够实现形式多元、信息互通、对抗性弱的私力救济;非司法ODR通过倡导诉前分流机制可以实现缓解诉讼压力、降低诉讼延迟、优化司法资源配置;非司法ODR通过发挥定分止争作用真正实现了社会整体的非诉福祉建设。为了加快推动具有民间性、自治性、高效性的非司法ODR成为化解涉网纠纷的第一道防线,建议通过国家立法确认其正当地位,建立与司法ODR的衔接机制,规范解纷人员的职业操守,健全对网民数据的隐私保护机制,建立非司法ODR的司法确认制度。      

《解放日报》视域中的延安时期男女婚恋观的嬗变及其影响

1942年4月1日《解放日报》将“文艺”专刊改为综合性副刊。《解放日报》改版前的作品更多地是呈现知识分子对于自由婚恋的憧憬与理想,探讨婚后女性面临家庭与事业难以兼顾的窘境以及个人私欲与革命信仰进行博弈而产生的离婚危机。改版后,综合副刊上刊登的婚恋作品主人公大多是工农兵出身,呈现出政治进步可以成就美满婚姻、夫妻共同参加生产劳动可以促进家庭和谐、男女努力学习知识就可以收获爱的体验的新型婚恋观。文章通过考察改版前后不同时期《解放日报》上发表的涉及婚恋问题的文学作品,发现了延安时期男女婚恋观念的嬗变轨迹,认为《解放日报》对男女婚恋问题的反映与思考,对建国后“十七年文学”有着深刻的影响与启示。     

"一带一路"背景下中国海外利益在小国的保护研究

在推进“一带一路”中,中国在小国的物质性与非物质性海外利益均面临风险,原因主要有内外两个方面:从内部看,对小国尚存错误认知,人文外交总体规划待完善,也存在着企业或个人的不规范行为;从外部看,“一带一路”沿线小国的脆弱性、对外依赖性及边缘性特征导致中国的海外利益遭受风险。中国应根据海外利益的具体风险状况及遭受风险原因制定措施,从自身出发,纠正对小国的错误认知,建立小国专属投资政策,增强针对小国的避险意识,开展有效宣传以改善中国形象;针对小国特性,提高应对突发事件能力,增强对小国的战略惩戒能力。从而有效保护中国在“一带一路”沿线小国的海外利益,并为沿线小国稳步构建命运共同体服务。     

马克思与但丁人文精神比较

但丁的人文主义思想主要表现为强烈的批判精神、积极的理想主义以及丰富的人本思想。但丁终生对意大利乃至西欧的社会变化与市民思想行为进行尖锐评判,并强烈批判教会腐败,愤怒谴责贵族的堕落与政治纷争;在早年从政与后期流亡途中,但丁通过系列著述与勇敢斗争,展示了追求和平统一的理想;但丁将人们关注的重点从对上帝和天堂的盲目崇拜转向对世俗生活的赞美,充分肯定人的情感、理性与尊严,其人本主义思想明显超越了中世纪晚期的宗教神学。马克思最喜爱但丁,终生以“下地狱”决心投身政治经济学研究。不过,马克思更关注普通劳动者,其共产主义理想以解放全人类为目标,超越了但丁仅关注社会上层的狭隘性;与但丁晚年的消沉保守相比,马克思理想更为坚定;马克思对资本主义生产方式的批判持续终生,整体上突破了但丁人文主义思想的宗教束缚与神学局限,表现出更为全面彻底的人文精神。     

高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入

文章选取2013—2018年A股共计1221家制造业上市企业的数据为研究样本,实证检验了高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入的关系。研究发现:高管薪酬激励、战略差异都能显著促进企业研发投入;战略差异能够显著抑制高管薪酬激励对企业研发投入的促进作用。文章不仅丰富了高管薪酬的研究,还为制定企业战略,加大创新力度提供了参考,同时也丰富了企业研发投入影响因素的研究。     

凉山彝族“村幼”教师普通话水平提升策略研究

针对大部分彝族“一村一幼”（简称“村幼”）教师普通话水平较低的情况,四川省教育厅委托省内各师范院校开展了深度贫困县“一村一幼”辅导员能力提升培训工程。这项培训工程的重点培训内容是提升村幼教师的普通话水平。以2019年某师范大学承担的四川省凉山州深度贫困县“一村一幼”辅导员能力提升培训项目中284名参训彝族村幼教师的普通话培训为例,探讨该项目彝族村幼教师普通话水平提升策略如下：第一,语言专家集中对彝族村幼教师进行发音标准化技能培训;第二,学前教育专业教师集中训练彝族村幼教师口语;第三,班主任组织学员每天晨读半小时;第四,志愿者跟进式指导学员每天晚自习训练普通话;第五,培训项目组鼓励学员利用碎片化时间练习普通话。     

网络时代刑法解释论的现实抉择、挑战及其应对

法律的滞后性与社会的多变性决定了刑法客观解释论是我国应对网络犯罪理论与实践做出的双重选择。但不可否认的是,当前网络时代刑法客观解释论存在明显的扩张化趋势,并不断冲击着罪刑法定原则的底线。“主观的客观解释论”名义上是以主观性来纠偏过度的客观性,但实则为主观解释论的翻版,并不可取。从恪守罪刑法定原则、克服刑法滞后性的角度来看,在坚持刑法客观解释论的前提下,为刑法客观解释的扩张化设定刑法用语的可能含义、刑法体系解释规则及罪名规范保护目的三大约束要素,从而将其限定在罪刑法定原则的框架下是更为妥当的选择。     

Moral character: What it is and what it does

Moral character can be conceptualized as an individual's disposition to think, feel, and behave in an ethical versus unethical manner, or as the subset of individual differences relevant to morality. This essay provides an organizing framework for understanding moral character and its relationship to ethical and unethical work behaviors. We present a tripartite model for understanding moral character, with the idea that there are motivational, ability, and identity elements. The motivational element is consideration of others – referring to a disposition toward considering the needs and interests of others, and how one's own actions affect other people. The ability element is self-regulation – referring to a disposition toward regulating one's behavior effectively, specifically with reference to behaviors that have positive short-term consequences but negative long-term consequences for oneself or others. The identity element is moral identity—referring to a disposition toward valuing morality and wanting to view oneself as a moral person. After unpacking what moral character is, we turn our attention to what moral character does, with a focus on how it influences unethical behavior, situation selection, and situation creation. Our research indicates that the impact of moral character on work outcomes is significant and consequential, with important implications for research and practice in organizational behavior.     

Sensitivity Analysis for Critical Control Points Determination and Uncertainty Analysis to Link FSO and Process Criteria: Application to Listeria monocytogenes in Soft Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk

Microbiological food safety is an important economic and health issue in the context of globalization and presents food business operators with new challenges in providing safe foods. The hazard analysis and critical control point approach involve identifying the main steps in food processing and the physical and chemical parameters that have an impact on the safety of foods. In the risk‐based approach, as defined in the Codex Alimentarius, controlling these parameters in such a way that the final products meet a food safety objective (FSO), fixed by the competent authorities, is a big challenge and of great interest to the food business operators. Process risk models, issued from the quantitative microbiological risk assessment framework, provide useful tools in this respect. We propose a methodology, called multivariate factor mapping (MFM), for establishing a link between process parameters and compliance with a FSO. For a stochastic and dynamic process risk model of in soft cheese made from pasteurized milk with many uncertain inputs, multivariate sensitivity analysis and MFM are combined to (i) identify the critical control points (CCPs) for throughout the food chain and (ii) compute the critical limits of the most influential process parameters, located at the CCPs, with regard to the specific process implemented in the model. Due to certain forms of interaction among parameters, the results show some new possibilities for the management of microbiological hazards when a FSO is specified.     

RFID‐Enabled Visibility and Retail Inventory Record Inaccuracy: Experiments in the Field

Accurate inventory records are key to effective store execution, affecting forecasting, ordering, and replenishment. Prior empirical research, however, shows that retailer inventory records are inherently inaccurate. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enables visibility into the movement of inventories in the supply chain. Using two different field experiments, the current research investigates the effectiveness of this visibility in reducing retail store inventory record inaccuracy (IRI). Study 1 used an interrupted time‐series design and involved daily physical counts of all products in one category in 13 stores (8 treatments and 5 controls) of a major global retailer over 23 weeks. Results indicate a significant decrease in IRI of approximately 26% due to RFID‐enabled visibility. Using an untreated control group design with pre‐test and post‐test, Study 2 expands the number of categories to five and the number of stores to 62 (31 treatment and 31 control stores). Results show that the effectiveness of RFID in reducing IRI varies by category (ranging from no statistically significant improvement to 81%). Results also suggest that RFID ameliorates the effects of known determinants of IRI and provide the key insight that the technology is most effective for product categories characterized by these determinants.