马克·吐温的“东方主义”再思考——以《马克·吐温的中国观》为例

《外国文学评论》2003年第四期刊载的论文《马克·吐温的中国观》从后殖民理论视角展现马克·吐温文化产品中的东方主义。作者用以引证的吐温演说“我也是义和团”中所存在的逻辑悖论和语义重心被“策略化”误读,而这一问题恰恰折射出其论述过程中稀释上下文语境、机械运用理论的弊端。因此,在为马克·吐温的文学粘贴“东方主义”标签时,应该充分对其“非东方主义”的层面给予关注,避免将吐温在某些作品中有关晚清中国人的字面表述简单等同于以中国为“他者”、强化西方中心论的东方主义再现。     

Waiting: integrating social and psychological perspectives in operations management

Waiting time is an important issue in service operations management because of its impact on customer satisfaction and operations capabilities. This paper examines waiting time from a social and psychological perspective. It provides a conceptual framework which identifies social and psychological factors that affect perceptions of waiting. The conceptual framework enables service managers to rethink operational issues, such as layout design, process choices, and service delivery from customers’ perceptions of waiting. Assimilation–contrast theory suggests that perceived waiting time be linked to expected waiting time and its gap leads to customers’ overall evaluation of service. A customer’s willingness to accept delay is related to the causes for delay as explained by attribution theory. Approaching waiting time from a stress management theory, this paper provides service managers with various stress-reduction mechanisms such as giving customers advance notice of expected waiting time, speeding up pre-process waiting time, and acknowledging customers’ rights to quick service. These practical suggestions can aid service managers in reducing perceived waiting time, enhancing customers’ waiting experience, and improving queue management.     

公众感知行政服务质量模型与评价研究——跨地区、跨公众群体的比较研究

本文在借鉴服务企业成熟的顾客公众感知质量测评研究成果的基础上,开发了公众感知行政服务质量的测评模型.数据分析结果表明,不同于私人企业和公共服务质量的测评,政府机关有独特的公众感知行政服务质量测评维度,分别是便利性、响应性、透明性、守法性、实效性和保证性.同时,本研究分别针对不同地区、不同部门、不同学历和不同调查地点的数据进行了比较研究,发现并分析了不同公众类型在感知行政服务质量方面所存在的差异.     

Development and validation of the Perceived Investment Value (PIV) scale

This study aims to develop a complementary and more comprehensive measurement to assess the nature of investment value affecting consumers’ investment behavior. Recent research suggests that consumers may desire and obtain certain outcomes from investments that have not been anticipated in mainstream finance and economics literature. These benefits might be hedonistic or altruistic, self-expressive or emotional and experiential. Yet, while an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this topic, little effort has been made to develop an appropriate measurement scale for the subjective consumer perceptions of investments. To address this gap in the literature, this study introduces the concept of Perceived Investment Value (PIV), and develops and validates a measurement scale for the concept. The ultimate 18-item PIV scale parsimoniously represents six Perceived Investment Value dimensions: Economic value—Monetary savings; Economic value—Efficiency; Functional value—Convenience; Emotional value—Emotions and Experiences; Symbolic value—Altruism; and Symbolic value—Esteem. The final measurement scale demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity. Implications related to the developed scale are discussed in terms of their potential to inform a future research agenda.     

Social learning about levels of perinatal and infant mortality in Niakhar,Senegal

How individuals develop perceptions concerning the risk of infant and child mortality has important consequences for fertility and demographic transition theory and for understanding broader processes of social learning. The role of learning through social interaction in shaping demographic phenomena has been the subject of intense research in the last decade. Much previous research however has been hampered by inadequate measures of individuals’ personal networks, the proximal context in which learning takes place. Using pilot data employing an innovative social network design in conjunction with demographic surveillance data from Niakhar, Senegal, this research models perception of change in the level of infant mortality over time as a function of the experience of social network associates with perinatal and infant mortality. Results suggest relatively strong effects of network members’ mortality experience controlling for own experiences of child mortality as well as neighborhood and community levels of infant mortality among other controls.     

朱熹理生气小释

无形之理生有形之气是化生而非派生。在朱熹思想中,有形物只不过是动静感应过程中的一种相对存在,而动静感庄是理太极的自然之性。据此,本文以为,气是理太极动静感应之性的外化．     

As others see us: Differing perceptions of public relations in Nigeria among practitioners and the general public

This study investigates the extent to which there exists a relationship between the perception of professionals and members of the general public regarding image of public relations (PR) profession in Nigeria. Four operational hypotheses were tested using Chi-square cross tabulation. The result shows that members of the general public and professionals perceived PR messages as credible. However, members of the general public, unlike professionals, perceived the loyalty of PR professionals to be more on the side of employers and clients; the role of PR was perceived as basically oriented towards media relations; and PR profession was perceived more as a tool for repairing damaged organisational image. Appropriate recommendations are offered.     

The Investigation and Analysis of Graduate Students＇Perception of Confucian Harmony Culture

“和”一直是中华民族的价值取向和追求目标,也是中国传统思想文化的精髓之一。“和文化”在儒家思想阐释和衍发下,显示出了独特的内涵,并在社会、生活、教育、政治等各方面得到广泛宣传和运用。儒家“和文化”的认知情况,反映了大学生的传统文化素质,用“和文化”加强大学生教育有利于道德素质的发展。     

杜夫海纳的审美知觉论

现象学认为知觉作用具有指向性,物体就是被知觉的物体。在审美活动中,要搁置各种主动附加的内容,让审美对象能够直接地呈现于我们,使审美知觉的特征显现出来。杜夫海纳则在此基础上把分析感觉与知觉看成现象学最根本的方法。对活生生的审美知觉的描述和向往,意味着人们渴望追寻到鲍姆嘉通aesthetic(感性学)的原意,返回到希腊人称之为"感性经验"的那种基本的和具体的人类原初经验。梅洛庞蒂的知觉现象学是杜夫海纳的美学认识论的基础。审美知觉活动的过程主要包括呈现阶段、表象与想象的阶段和反思和情感阶段。审美知觉是一种具有明显意向性的现象学的知觉,是一种纯粹的知觉,也是一种能把艺术作品变成审美对象的知觉。它既是感性的,同时也是归纳性的。     

Quality of goods and services as perceived by the elderly and the young/middle-adulthood consumers

To understand the consumption behavior of the elderly, an understanding of the elderly's perception of the quality of goods and services must be established. The general purpose of this study is to determine what elderly consumers perceive as quality in goods and services as well as their satisfaction with commodities in the marketplace, as compared with young/middle-adulthood consumers. Data from a nationwide sample collected by Research Forecasts, Inc. for the Whirlpool Corporation is used for analysis in this study. Results indicate that there are some differences between the elderly and young/middle-adulthood consumers in their perceptions of the most important indicators of quality of manufactured goods, their satisfaction with services, and most trustworthy sources of information. As the number of the elderly is steadily increasing in our society, greater attention should be paid by retailers to satisfy this segment.Regina M. Abernathy is Food and Nutrition Specialist Consumer Brands with the Curtis Packing Company, 2416 Randolph Ave., Greensboro, NC 27402. She received her M.S. degree from The University of Alabama in 1985.Mohamed Abdel-Ghany is Professor and Department Head of the Consumer Sciences Department at The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0158. He received his Ph.D. from The University of Missouri at Columbia. His current research interests include food demand analysis, quality of life measurements, time allocation, and labor force participation.