对集体化时期农村妇女组织工作的思考——以山西省忻县东楼公社为例

妇女组织是提倡解放妇女话语背景下的产物。在集体化这一特殊时期,为发动妇女参与社会主义革命与建设,农村妇女组织积极履行自己的工作职能。它们在共产党的领导下,以实现男女平等、妇女解放为目标,致力于动员妇女参加生产劳动、政治事务以及维护妇女利益。这些工作对当时农村妇女生活方式产生了重要影响。在当时的政治背景下,妇女组织的工作职能不仅切实维护了妇女群众的利益,同时也赋予了时代特征,表现出的政治色彩较为浓厚。     

Comparing two survey methods for estimating maternal and perinatal mortality in rural Cambodia

PURPOSE: We need solid estimates of maternal mortality rates (MMR) to monitor the impact of maternal care programs. Cambodian health authorities and WHO report the MMR in Cambodia at 450 per 100,000 live births. The figure is drawn from surveys where information is obtained by interviewing respondents about the survival of all their adult sisters (sisterhood method). The estimate is statistically imprecise, 95% confidence intervals ranging from 260 to 620/100,000. The MMR estimate is also uncertain due to under-reporting; where 80-90% of women deliver at home maternal fatalities may go undetected especially where mortality is highest, in remote rural areas. The aim of this study was to attain more reliable MMR estimates by using survey methods other than the sisterhood method prior to an intervention targeting obstetric rural emergencies. PROCEDURES: The study was carried out in rural Northwestern Cambodia where access to health services is poor and poverty, endemic diseases, and land mines are endemic. Two survey methods were applied in two separate sectors: a community-based survey gathering data from public sources and a household survey gathering data direct from primary sources. FINDINGS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two survey results for maternal deaths, both types of survey reported mortality rates around the public figure. The household survey reported a significantly higher perinatal mortality rate as compared to the community-based survey, 8.6% versus 5.0%. Also the household survey gave qualitative data important for a better understanding of the many problems faced by mothers giving birth in the remote villages. There are detection failures in both surveys; the failure rate may be as high as 30-40%. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSION: Both survey methods are inaccurate, therefore inappropriate for evaluation of short-term changes of mortality rates. Surveys based on primary informants yield qualitative information about mothers' hardships important for the design of future maternal care interventions.     

“轴心期”形成的犹太教文化传统对后世之影响——兼对“犹太模式”的历史考察与未来展望

在德国哲学家雅斯贝斯提出的世界历史的"轴心期"的概念里,犹太人所创立的以犹太教为主旨内容的希伯来文明和中华文明、印度文明一样成为东西方文化传统的源头;探讨轴心期产生的犹太教对后世的基督教和伊斯兰教的影响,可以看出三者同属犹太系宗教的范畴;根据汤因比提出的三种文明解体的模式分析当今世界的格局,可以发现美国似乎正在成为罗马帝国的翻版,而道德至上的中华文明的复兴则给世界的美好未来带来了一丝希望之光。同时,由于犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教同属犹太系宗教,有着很多根本的相同点,所以在人类要共同面对生存危机的条件下也许可以实现和解而和平共处。     

审美论-语言论-文化论：新时期30年文论发展轨迹

新时期30年来,经过几代学人的共同努力,文学理论迎来了发展的最好时期。这30年文论的发展轨迹可以粗略概括为：从审美论,到语言论,再到文化论。因此,有必要在审美论、语言论和文化论三元兼摄的“文化诗学”路径中,进一步推动文学理论的研究,使它有更好的发展。     

论社会转型期官场小说存在的主要问题及其兴盛原因

20世纪90年代中后期兴起的官场小说已经成为目前文学创作中的独特现象,它对急剧转型社会中政治领域的基本状况和政治伦理变迁作了生动真实的反映,并且对当代政治权力建构的正当性和权力基础的合法性进行了深入的探讨,给政治伦理的现代性重建提供了有益的参考,也以其独特的时代性和深刻性受到媒体和读者的青睐,但其反映社会生活的纵深度仍不够,不少作品失之简单化、表面化,作家创作观念滞后,艺术表现手法单一,人文主义匮乏,创作模式化。为此,本文结合转型期官场小说的特点,分析了当前官场小说的存在问题及其兴盛原因。     

认同与建构：蒙元时期语文建设的历史考察

语文建设对蒙元时期的群体性认同产生深远影响。畏兀儿蒙古文的选择和使用促进了蒙古民族的认同形成,八思巴字的创制试图构建超越性的国家认同,北元时期的语文规范化建设最终形成了蒙古民族的现代认同格局。蒙元语文建设具有一定的历史启示意义。     

Translation and factor analysis of structural models of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Serbian pregnant and postpartum women – Web-based study

BackgroundThe Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is well accepted for detecting symptoms of postnatal depression. The aim of this study was to examine psychometric properties and to evaluate structural models of the Serbian translation of EPDS in pregnant and postpartum women.MethodsThe original English version of the EPDS was translated into Serbian, and checked by means of back-translation. Data were collected via an anonymous online questionnaire posted on a Serbian website devoted to pregnancy topics. The study sample included 201 women (76 pregnant, 125 postpartum). The internal consistency of the scale was measured by Cronbach's α coefficient. Principal component analysis was used to determine scale dimensions while confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate model fit.FindingsCronbach α coefficient was 0.84 and 0.83 in pregnant and postpartum women, respectively, which indicated good internal consistency of the Serbian EPDS. Three dimensions of the scale were revealed in both groups of women. Goodness of fit indices described good and excellent model in pregnant and postpartum women, respectively. High level of depression symptoms (score ≥13) was recorded in 27.6% and 24.8% (p > 0.05) of pregnant and postpartum women, respectively. Moderate level of depression symptoms (score 10–12) was recorded in 21.1% and 16.8% (p > 0.05) of pregnant and postpartum women, respectively.ConclusionThe Serbian translation of the EPDS showed good consistency and good model characteristics in pregnant and postpartum women. However, cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity of the scale should be determined in the further studies with more representative samples of women.     

中国新时期电影与文学的互证——兼评刘再复《驳顾彬》

对当代文学尤其是新时期文学的评价,已成为中国新文学评价中的热点与焦点问题。仅从传播方式而言,对中国新时期文学的海外传播做出最大贡献的是以第五代导演为代表的新时期电影。张艺谋认为第五代导演的成功与新时期的文学繁荣分不开,正是中国新时期文学成就了新时期电影。实质上,中国新时期文学经历文学现代化洗礼后已逐渐进入成熟期,取得了较高的文学成就。然而,从传统向现代转型的中国社会,长期处于价值取向的茫然与混乱中,导致无法建立起公正的文学与电影评价系统和体系。只有冷静分析中国新时期电影和文学,才能真正发现新时期电影和文学的价值所在。     

The sensitivity of income polarization

This study looks at polarization and its components’ sensitivity to assumptions about equivalence scales, income definition, ethical income distribution parameters, and the income accounting period. A representative sample of Danish individual incomes from 1984 to 2002 is utilised. Results show that polarization has increased over time, regardless of the applied measure, when the last part of the period is compared to the first part of the period; primary causes being increased inequality (alienation) and faster income growth among high incomes relative to those in the middle of the distribution. Increasing the accounting period confirms the reduction in inequality found for shorter periods, but polarization is virtually unchanged, because income group identification increases. Applying different equivalence scales does not change polarization ranking for different years, but identification ranks are affected. The welfare state considerably reduces income polarization and inequality, but at the expense of some more identification.      

论新民主主义革命时期中国共产党的民族政策在东北朝鲜族地区的实践

新民主主义革命时期 ,中国共产党一直承认朝鲜族作为我国少数民族一员的平等和合法地位 ,并以朝鲜族的特殊历史为依据 ,制定了在朝鲜族地区贯彻党的民族政策的一系列具体的方针、原则。其主要内容为 :保障朝鲜族人民的平等权利 ;承认朝鲜族自治权 ,实行民族区域自治 ;解决朝鲜族人民的土地问题 ;积极争取和团结朝鲜族人民 ,共同进行抗日救亡运动 ;建立朝鲜族人民武装 ,共同进行抗日武装斗争 ;大力培养朝鲜族干部 ;发展朝鲜族文化教育和语言文字等