Neighborhood conditions and social network turnover among older adults

Increasing research highlights heterogeneity in patterns of social network change, with growing evidence that these patterns are shaped in part by social structure. The role of social and structural neighborhood conditions in the addition and loss of kin and non-kin network members, however, has not been fully considered. In this paper, we argue that the residential neighborhood context can either facilitate or prevent the turnover of core network relationships in later life – a period of the life course characterized by heightened reliance on network ties and vulnerability to neighborhood conditions. Using longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project linked with data from the American Community Survey, we find that higher levels of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage are associated with the loss of older adults’ kin and non-kin network members over time. Higher levels of perceived neighborhood social interaction, however, are associated with higher rates of adding non-kin network members and lower rates of adding kin network members over time. We suggest that neighborhood conditions, including older adults’ perceptions of neighborhood social life, represent an underexplored influence on kin and non-kin social network dynamics, which could have implications for access to social resources later in the life course.     

面向新时代的国民经济核算研究议题及相关问题

本文结合国际国内研究动态分层次归纳、阐释当前国民经济核算的研究议题。具体包括:以国民账户体系2008版(SNA-2008)为起点的前沿研究,SNA中心框架的灵活运用研究,接驳中国国民经济核算体系(CSNA)及其实务的优化和创新研究,国民经济核算数据的综合应用研究。最后针对中国当前国民经济核算研究方法中存在的一些倾向性问题做讨论,比如是否过分关注与GDP的关联, 如何充分发挥卫星账户的作用等。     

刑法典第89条第2款“又犯罪”之检讨与修改

我国刑法典第89条第2款将追诉时效中断的事由规定为“又犯罪”,对于此项立法模式,理论界有不同的认识但关注较少,虽提出了不同的建议,但并未触及问题的根本。通过“又犯罪”这一时效中断事由的剖析和检讨发现,“又犯罪”作为追诉时效中断事由,折射出理论上的误区和立法中的悖论,不可避免地遭遇实践困窘。将“又犯罪”修改为“又犯同种罪”,方为解决问题的根本出路所在。     

个人网上银行客户体验基本构成要素间作用关系实证研究

客户体验与客户体验管理能够解决个人网上银行的同质化问题。本文旨在探讨个人网上银行客户体验基本构成要素间的作用关系。通过对2000多位客户的问卷调查,本文采用结构方程模型,对体验感知、体验期望和感知价值等个人网上银行客户体验基本构成要素之间的作用关系以及安全、使用成本等因素对体验感知的作用关系进行实证研究,发现体验感知对感知价值、体验期望对体验感知有正向的影响;体验期望对感知价值有负向影响;安全、使用成本、易用、速度与稳定、品牌信任、功能满足、客户服务和便利等对体验感知有正向影响;而营销活动对体验感知没有显著影响。     

工人还是农民——消费对于农民工身份认同的影响分析

农民工的身份认同问题一直是学术界关注的焦点,本研究从消费对于农民工身份认同的影响的角度,使用大规模的量化数据,证实了消费对于农民工的身份认同具有显著影响,农民工的集体消费对其工人身份认同成正比,但是私人消费水平却与农民工的工人认同成反比。研究发现：农民工的低工资、低福利是罪魁祸首。在现阶段,提高农民工工资,覆盖农民工的社会福利,是解决农民工问题的关键。     

成长的逻辑——大江健三郎小说《个人的体验》评析

《个人的体验》是大江健三郎的一部长篇小说,讲述的是如何对待脑残疾婴儿的故事。主人公鸟得知自己初生的孩子患有先天性脑残疾后,陷入极度的心理矛盾之中。弃婴还是救治,他经历了剧烈的思想斗争,最终做出与残疾儿共同面对苦难人生的抉择。这部小说可谓苦难酿成的杰作,是向死而生的升华。作家给小说以转入坚持的结尾似乎有主观干预之嫌,但是作品人物与作家在苦难包围中经磨历劫,共同展示了成长的逻辑。大江健三郎小说高超的思想境界与艺术造诣,就是来自这样一种成长的逻辑和向死而生的升华。     

Time as a limited resource: Communication strategy in mobile phone networks

We used a large database of 9 billion calls from 20 million mobile users to examine the relationships between aggregated time spent on the phone, personal network size, tie strength and the way in which users distributed their limited time across their network (disparity). Compared to those with smaller networks, those with large networks did not devote proportionally more time to communication and had on average weaker ties (as measured by time spent communicating). Further, there were not substantially different levels of disparity between individuals, in that mobile users tend to distribute their time very unevenly across their network, with a large proportion of calls going to a small number of individuals. Together, these results suggest that there are time constraints which limit tie strength in large personal networks, and that even high levels of mobile communication do not fundamentally alter the disparity of time allocation across networks.     

《唐律疏议》所见唐代审判责任制度

《唐律疏议》把案件的误判情况分为“故出”“故人”“失出”“失人”四种类型,并规定了处罚原则。案件判决实行连署制度,联署判案出现误判,则分为“同职犯公坐”和“同职有私余官不觉”两种类型,连署之官根据自身在四等官制中的地位,负相应的连带责任。     

Impact of Community on Personal Well-Being in Urban China

ABSTRACT

As the work-unit system fell after economic reform in China, neighborhoods replaced work units as the primary provider of vital social services for the urban population and became a new social space for enhancing the quality of people's well-being. This study examined the neighborhood characteristics that influenced personal well-being of residents. Drawn by multistage sampling and administered by face-to-face interviews, the survey included a sample of 976 participants from 31 neighborhoods in urban Shanghai. Results indicate that neighboring behaviors enhanced subjective well-being of the young and middle-aged residents but had no impact on older people. Sense of community, on the other hand, was found to contribute to well-being of all age groups and was particularly strong among older people in more deprived neighborhoods. Findings inform development of community practice strategies for vitalizing community efficacy and fostering individual well-being in urban China. Recommendations for future research are made using the results of this study.     

基于人力资本投资的劳动力迁移模型

劳动力的迁移行为作为人力资本投资的一种形式 ,同样牵涉到成本和收益问题。文章首先介绍了基于人力资本投资的劳动力迁移模型 ,并针对模型列出了模型中存在的问题。在此基础上 ,作者提出模型中应考虑的个体特征 ,同时还综合了到其他学者的研究观点。文章结论是 ,人力资本投资模型的研究仍旧从劳动供给方出发 ,所以它仍属于供给类劳动力迁移模型 ,最终在研究个体劳动力迁移模型中 ,人力资本投资模型可以构成一个有用的组织分析框架。