Missing the best opportunity; who can seize the next one? Agents show less inaction inertia than personal decision makers

Inaction inertia is a prevalent consumer decision bias, whereby missing a superior opportunity decreases the likelihood of acting on a subsequent opportunity in the same domain. We assume that a cognitive focus accounts for the inaction inertia effect. Individuals focus more on losses (the association between the current opportunity and missed opportunity) than gains (the association between the current opportunity and original states), therefore showing the inaction inertia effect. We also propose a self–other difference in inaction inertia: agents exhibit less inaction inertia than personal decision makers as they focus more on gains than losses compared to personal decision makers. In Study 1, agents were less trapped in inaction inertia than personal decision makers. Cognitive focus was measured with eye-tracking techniques in Study 2 and a self-reported item in Study 3. Agents were observed as focusing less on losses than gains compared to personal decision makers. This cognitive focus difference explained the self–other difference in inaction inertia. In Study 4, both types of decision makers were less susceptible to inaction inertia when focusing on gains than losses.     

The Relationship Between the Level of Personal Empowerment and Quality of Life Among Psychosocial Clubhouse Members and Consumer-Operated Drop-In Center Participants

Abstract

This cross-sectional, correlational study examined the relationship between personal empowerment and quality of life among 151 mental health consumers (77 psychosocial clubhouse members and 74 consumer-operated drop-in center participants). This study also evaluated the group differences between empowerment and quality of life. Data collected from face-to-face interviews indicate a positive relationship between personal empowerment and quality of life, with drop-in center participants reporting slightly higher levels of personal empowerment than clubhouse members. Mixed results were found between the two groups with respect to subjective and objective quality of life measures. The results of this study suggest an important association between the ability to make life choices and a mental health consumer's quality of life, especially when high levels of social contact are a part of everyday life.     

Uses and limitations of dichotomous aggregate relational data

Aggregate relational data (ARD) on relationships between individuals and subgroups have been informative for studying egocentric network size and degree distributions, assessing segregation in contact with subpopulations, and estimating the size of unlisted groups. Scale-up models for ARD usually assume survey data giving counts of acquaintances in subpopulations, but a closed-ended response format that asks respondents to select a category covering a range of counts may be less burdensome. The simplest (dichotomous) such format distinguishes between having one or more acquaintances in a subpopulation and having none; many existing position generator data take this form. We assess the potential of dichotomous ARD by adapting existing methods for inference from count ARD to accommodate such data. We find that they permit estimation of degree distributions for basic scale-up models, though estimates are less precise than those from count ARD. Dichotomous ARD do not contain sufficient information to model segregation, however. These limitations may be addressed by estimating segregation using respondent heterogeneity on observed covariates, and/or by using a slightly expanded closed response format (0, 1, or two or more acquaintances). Our results suggest how the applications of position generator data – which typically collect dichotomous ARD – might be broadened to encompass questions studied using ARD.     

派生产业核算的理论机理与方法逻辑

本文从派生产业提出的现实意义出发,依据微观视角生产过程和宏观视角社会再生产过程分别对应产品生产过程和总产品生产过程这一逻辑关系,探讨派生产业总产品的核算视角,解析派生产业总产品引入的内在逻辑与外在决定性因素,并通过卫星账户核算方法是派生产业核算理想方法和有效工具的论证诠释了派生产业核算的方法逻辑。     

Satisfaction with Personal Assistance Services of People with Disabilities in Korea

An essential component for achieving independence in a community setting for people with disabilities is the ability to perform personal care activities with or without assistance. This paper aims to evaluate the level of satisfaction of people who used personal assistance services (PAS) during 2007 in Korea. People's satisfaction was high when they were able to use all of the assigned hours and when they had been assigned enough hours to meet their needs. Therefore, policymakers must try to increase service hours for people with disabilities so that they have enough help from attendants. The more the opinions of people with disabilities were considered in shaping the plan of care, the higher the satisfaction score. To increase the satisfaction, service users' involvement with the program has to be incorporated into the program as much as possible.     

小组工作在改善大学新生个人评价中的作用研究

小组工作是社会工作的主要方法之一。以内蒙古工业大学的30名学生作为研究对象,其中15名作为控制组,对另外15名进行提高个人评价的为期6次的小组工作,使用个人评价量表得分作为衡量变化的标准。对比实验组和控制组得分,结果显示小组工作在改善大学新生的个人评价方面有积极的作用。     

Qualitative insights into women's personal experiences of perinatal depression and anxiety

Background and aimSymptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety are usually described and understood from a nosological perspective. This research sought to gain insight into women's lived experience of postnatal depression and anxiety, the factors that contribute to these symptoms and the context in which they develop.MethodFace to face and telephone interviews were conducted with 28 women from metropolitan and rural areas across Australia, who had experienced postnatal depression and/or anxiety within the last five years. Analysis was conducted from a grounded theory perspective.FindingsParticular symptoms of anxiety and depression develop in the context of the numerous changes inherent to the transition to motherhood and contribute to a common experience of frustration and loss. Symptoms were also associated with feelings of dissatisfaction with the pregnancy and motherhood experience.ConclusionsThe findings provide useful insights into women's experiences of mental health symptoms during the perinatal period, how these symptoms present and the factors involved in their development and maintenance. The need to consider women's perspectives to develop resources and health promotions strategies, as well as within the context of relationships with health professionals is highlighted. The study emphasizes the need for greater, more accurate information surrounding perinatal depression and the need to increase the profile and awareness of anxiety disorders.     

The effect of charitable giving by celebrities on the personal public relations

This study examined how charitable giving by entertainment celebrities influences celebrity personal public relations. Survey participants showed positive attitudes toward charitable giving. Attitudes toward charitable giving positively influenced celebrity credibility perception. Credibility also influenced attitudes toward the celebrities, which in turn positively influenced the purchase intention of their performance. Also, attitudes toward charitable donations were positively associated with attitudes toward the celebrities. Scholars and practitioners need to note charitable giving as an efficient and strategic personal public relations factor and method.     

中国数字经济卫星账户框架设计研究

数字经济日新月异的发展对现行统计核算体系提出了挑战。本文主要针对其在经济生产、收入分配和资本核算方面的挑战,研究了中国数字经济卫星账户框架的设计原理及可行性。首先,探讨了数字经济活动对现有核算体系中生产核算、收入分配核算、资本核算、金融核算的影响,包括数字经济核算与中心框架中产业单位、交易特征、生产者、生产范围、收入分配等的关系。然后,基于国内外数字经济相关分类和中国核算实践分析了中国产业、产品分类的国际可比性和可行性,形成了对数字经济生产核算、资金流量核算和资本核算的专门性设计,并构建了一般性的核算指标。在框架设计的基础上,对2012-2017年中国数字经济主要产业部门的增加值进行了初步测算。最后,结合中国数字经济研究现状,对中国开展数字经济核算工作提出了建议,即建议深化中国数字经济卫星账户核算体系及相应的核算方法体系、研究开发中国数字经济高频大数据的获取方法、完善中国数字经济产业产品分类标准及相关统计规章制度。