统筹城乡发展中的人口政策研究述评

认真研究统筹城乡发展中的人口政策问题对统筹城乡发展和统筹解决人口问题都具有非常重要的意义。统筹城乡发展中的人口政策研究涉及到了统筹解决城乡人口数量、素质、结构、分布的协调发展问题．包括了人口与计划生育、人力资源开发与教育、社会保障、就业与劳动保障等方面的内容。目前较多成果集中在人口政策对统筹城乡发展的重要性、意义、作用路径与方式等方面。未来还需要在对人口政策体系进行调研的基础上进行全面系统地研究。文章最后提出了系统研究统筹城乡发展中的人口政策内容。     

贵州人口老龄化,经济增长对养老保险支出影响实证研究

人口的老龄化是21世纪世界各国各地区的普遍趋势,人口老龄化问题及其对社会养老保障影响,已经引起社会各界的重视,成为国内外专家学者的研究热点。本文在利用2005年1%人口抽样和1991-2007统计数据分析贵州省人口老龄化现状及特征的基础上,运用协整分析方法,就贵州人口老龄化程度、经济增长对养老保险支出的影响做了定量探索,最后,结合现实情况和模型分析的结果对相关情况提出建议。     

土地利用总体规划中的人口数量问题研究

在编制土地利用总体规划时．作为基础数据的人口数据与土地利用数据同等重要。文章研究了在土地利用总体规划中存在的总人口数量的高估与重估、常住人口的城乡比例与人口当量系数混乱等问题,并提出了相应对策建议。     

Migration to less-popular rural areas in the Netherlands: Exploring the motivations

Migration into rural areas is often explained in terms of the rural idyll, the attraction of the countryside with its less hurried way of life in a quiet, spacious and green environment. However, this migration phenomenon has mostly been researched in attractive, amenity-rich, popular rural areas. This paper investigates the characteristics and motivations of migrants to less-popular rural areas using survey data (N = 664) for four municipalities in the North of the Netherlands. Our study shows a young group of in-migrants with relatively low incomes, but also a large proportion of working people and a considerable number of highly educated movers. Separating the motivations for choosing to live in a rural area in general from the motivations for choosing this specific rural area reveals that while the pull of the rural idyll is an important motivation for moving to a rural area in general, the reasons for choosing the specific rural area are a mixture of housing characteristics, the physical qualities of the environment, personal reasons and the low house prices in the area. Combining the motivations with the characteristics of the movers reveals the diversity within the movers group. Our analysis shows a group of movers motivated to live close to family and friends, consisting of return migrants, singles, the youngest and oldest age groups and also the lowest income group. The physical qualities of the environment attract a group of highly educated movers, people with high incomes and people aged between 35 and 64. The motivation of housing characteristics, referring in most cases to the availability of a specific house, is mentioned by a wide range of movers, but in particular by people moving from urban areas.     

现行城市外来人口管理方式的弊端及其对策

现行城市社会对外来人口的管理方式存在着三种明显的弊端 :(1)计划式的管理方式导致了管理的低效性 ;(2 )防范式的管理方式把外来人口当作了对立面 ;(3)“只管手脚、不管头脑”式的管理方式使外来人口的思想品行放任自流。因此 ,完善现行外来人口管理制度的关键在于转变管理方式 ,使旧的管理方式逐渐被新型的管理方式所取代。新型的外来人口管理方式的基本原则是 :(1)以市场化为目标取向 ;(2 )以为外来人口服务为基本宗旨 ;(3)以教育外来人口为重要环节。我们认为 ,“政府引导的外来人口自我管理模式”是一种可供城市政府选择的新型的外来人口管理方式     

日本的老人活动中心

遍布日本各地的老人活动中心精心地向老人们提供着各种服务。在中心,老人们的身体得到了锻炼,生活圈子有所扩大,生活内容更为丰富多彩,自身的价值也得到了肯定。中心的活动也唤起了社会上尊老爱老、互相帮助的意识,减轻了承担照顾老人的个体家庭的担子,为一些志愿者提供了志愿活动的场所。     

人口素质与教育在西部开发中的重要作用

本文论述了人口素质与教育在西部开发中的重要意义,并分析了西部及甘肃省人口素质与教育水平的现状.     

新疆锡伯族人口综合研究

本文根据历年有关统计资料,人口普查资料时新疆锡伯族人口历年变动趋势和现状特点进行综合分析,同全国锡伯族人口、全国人口和少数民族人口状况进行比较分析,探索其发展特征和规律性.     

Population pressure and dynamics of household livelihoods in an Ethiopian Village: an elaboration of the Boserup-Chayanovian framework

The purpose of this study is to analyse the mechanisms and effects of population pressure on rural livelihood system in South central Ethiopia from 1950 to 2004. In Sub-Sahara Africa population pressure takes two different forms: (1) a pressure on existing household to accommodate a growing number of children (change in household dependency ratio); (2) An increased demand for new livelihood positions in a situation where the total resources available for households may be constrained (change in density ratio). We blended the approaches of Boserup and Chayanov to understand how families make their living when dependency and density ratios change over time. We collected data using a life course and cohort study approaches to capture the dynamics and to compare the past with the present. We found out that livelihood strategies took different forms when both dependency and density ratios were low and when they were on the increase. When both ratios were low livelihood strategies took the form of agricultural extensification and this was due to the relative availability of land. When both ratios were on the increase, livelihood strategies took the forms of agricultural intensification and diversification.

Measuring population pressure on the landscape: comparative GIS studies in China,India, and the United States

Measures of the effects of population pressure on the landscape using traditional methods for classifying urban territory are inadequate. The crude scale at which population densities are calculated and dependence on country-specific administration divisions hinder their ability to address such questions as the environmental impacts of cities and suburbs and make cross-national comparisons particularly difficult. This paper examines comparative urbanization measures among three case studies: the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Province of China, the Indian state of Kerala, and the southern part of Florida in the United States. It proposes a measure based on the distribution of local population densities, taking advantage of the detailed data on small area populations and land area available in modern censuses and model-derived population databases such as LandScan, and the increasing potential of spatial analysis using geographic information systems (GIS). Examined with a similar set of thresholds, the resulting density distributions offer the potential to show better the ecological effects of population than do traditional measures.