如东县计划生育优质服务“三询”评估制

对改进计划生育目标管理责任制考核办法的必要性及建立计划生育优质服务以面询、电询、函询为主的"三询"评估制的必要性进行了论述,并结合如东县"三询"评估制的实践情况,对其科学性、可行性和可操作性进行了阐述,旨在为调整计划生育责任制考核机制,推动计划生育优质服务提供新的思路.     

Optimal estimation of a finite population mean under generalized random permutation models

Employing certain generalized random permutation models and a general class of linear estimators of a finite population mean, it is shown that many of the conventional estimators are “optimal” in the sense of minimum average mean square error. Simple proofs are provided by using a well-known theorem on UMV estimation. The results also cover certain simple response error situations.     

论基层人口与计划生育工作的改革创新

基层人口与计划生育工作管理方法和管理机制的改革创新势在必行。应以我国《人口与计划生育法》以及地方法规为指导,改革基层已不合时宜的管理办法,以政策管理代替计划管理,以基本的生育政策引导和规范人们的生育行为。努力探索建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的人口与计划生育管理机制,建立包括村(居)民自治与行政管理相结合为特征的管理体制,建立依法管理、政策推动、"费随事转"、项目带动、部门配合、综合治理为特点的工作机制,建立资源整合、资源共享、方便群众、优质服务为特征的技术服务阵地和利益导向与社会保障制度完善,领导重视、队伍健全、投入到位为特征的综合保障体系。     

南京市失业人口状况分析

根据"五普"南京市人口10%抽样调查数据,对南京市失业人口状况作了统计分析.分析结果表明,失业人口约占"非在业人口"的1/10略多,其中近2/3为"寻求再就业"人员.人口抽样失业率为6.08%,城区失业率较高,老城区人口失业问题更严重.15～25岁初次寻求就业和40～45岁寻求再就业的群体为两个"就业困难年龄段".女性群体在就业上处于明显弱势,其中25～45岁女性失业比例显著高于男性.但在初次寻找工作中,年轻男性碰到的困难大于年轻女性,而在失业后寻求再就业过程中,女性的困难远高于男性.     

流动人口子女及其教育：概念的辨析

“流动人口子女”这一概念近些年使用非常广泛 ,但它本身却是一个遭到误用、被窄化使用的概念。按照概念准确地说 ,流动人口子女不仅指流入城市的流动儿童 ,也应该包括留在乡村的“留守儿童”。因此 ,讨论“流动人口子女教育”的问题 ,也相应需要从这两个方面的一致之处着眼 ,以从整体和宏观的角度全面看待这个问题 ,把握问题的实质并更好地解决问题。     

老年人居住问题研究

在世纪之交 ,我国正快速进入人口老年化社会。本文试图通过分析我国人口老龄化的现状及问题 ,探讨解决我国人口老龄化下老年人居住问题的多方案途径。     

Gender Differences in Expectations Predictive of Volunteer Experience Among Older Chinese Professionals in Hong Kong

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in expectations predictive of volunteer experience. Volunteering is one pathway to remaining actively engaged in later life and active engagement is considered one of the cornerstones of successful aging. The global feminization of aging underscores the need to consider gender differences when exploring factors associated with volunteerism. There is also a growing international interest in volunteerism among older adults. A sample of 438 Chinese professionals in Hong Kong ages 45-79, including retired (36.3%) and employed (63.7%), were asked about their expectations for volunteer work. Gender was evenly distributed, with 49.8% male and 50.2% female. Forty-three percent (43%) had volunteer experience. A multivariate logistic regression model was fit to sub-samples by gender, and gender differences emerged. For males, married and the expectation to utilize own skills were associated with volunteer experience. For females, self-rated health, retired, and the expectation to meet the needs of others were associated with volunteer experience. These results suggest that gender differences in expectations may influence volunteer activity.     

Civic Engagement Among Older Adults in a Rural Community

Abstract

This is a report of the second and final stage of a research project evaluating courses for community activists in Israel. We compared 286 graduates of Schools for Community Activists, of whom 198 were still active in their communities and 98 were not, with 138 activists and 131 non-active residents of the same neighbourhoods who had never participated in courses for activists. We noted no significant socio-economic or demographic differences between the graduates and the non-graduates. However, on a range of variables, we found consistent and generally significant differences between the graduate and non-graduate activists: the former reported higher levels of activism, knowledge and skills, higher community involvement and deeper community roots, and assessed more highly the prestige of community involvement. Few differences were noted on their assessment of the benefits and losses of community activity. Since the graduates and non-graduates come from similar backgrounds, we conclude that the courses made a significant contribution to the development and socialization of those activists who participated in them.     

苏南地区青少年教育的若干思考

基于对苏南部分地区的实地调查，讨论分析了该地区青少年人口结构、生活环境特点和存在问题，以及转型期社会现实中对青少年健康成长的不利影响因素，阐述了强化青少年正面教育的对策性思考     

明初舟山群岛废县徙民及其影响

元末明初，舟山群岛是方国珍及其余部反元抗明的最主要根据地。朱元璋为防止他们与内陆的反明势力联合，以防止“倭寇”为名，在舟山实行迁卫、废县、徙民措施，接着在全国实施严厉的海禁政策。舟山群岛的废县徙民不仅造成舟山的渔农业长期荒芜、交通停顿、文教中断，而且引发海上武装走私猖摄，并导致所谓嘉靖年间长达几十年的“倭患”和“平倭战争”，使舟山及东南沿海的经济遭到更大的摧残。