“Cheap labor” speaks: PR adjuncts on pedagogy and preparing Millennials for careers

In-depth interviews were conducted among 32 adjunct public relations instructors across the U.S. to discover their unique contributions in preparing today's undergraduates for entry-level positions. Research questions probed teaching philosophy, practice-to-classroom transition, and any challenges faced. Amidst adjuncts’ voices, two overarching themes emerged – omnipresent economic forces, and academic/practitioner dichotomy. Findings fill a significant gap in the public relations body of knowledge and offer several suggestions for further research.     

Educational differentials in cohabitors' marriage intentions at different childbearing stages in seven European countries

Several studies have looked into the socio-economic gradients of cohabitation and non-marital fertility. According to the theory of the Second Demographic Transition, highly educated individuals can be considered as forerunners in the Western European spread of non-marital family forms after the 1970s. In Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), however, research has provided evidence for a Pattern of Disadvantage where those with the lowest education have been the most likely to adopt such family forms. Hitherto, few studies have considered the educational gradient of the intentions underlying these behaviors. This contribution uses information on marriage and fertility intentions from the Generations and Gender Surveys for seven European countries to assess educational differentials. In Western Europe we observe no strong educational gradients in marriage intentions at any childbearing stage (before, during or following). In CEE countries, however, less educated cohabitors more frequently choose for cohabitation during childbearing.     

Parental and adolescent health behaviors and pathways to adulthood

This paper examines associations among parental and adolescent health behaviors and pathways to adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we identify a set of latent classes describing pathways into adulthood and examine health-related predictors of these pathways. The identified pathways are consistent with prior research using other sources of data. Results also show that both adolescent and parental health behaviors differentiate pathways. Parental and adolescent smoking are associated with lowered probability of the higher education pathway and higher likelihood of the work and the work & family pathways (entry into the workforce soon after high school completion). Adolescent drinking is positively associated with the work pathway and the higher education pathway, but decreases the likelihood of the work & family pathway. Neither parental nor adolescent obesity are associated with any of the pathways to adulthood. When combined, parental/adolescent smoking and adolescent drinking are associated with displacement from the basic institutions of school, work, and family.     

Qualitative longitudinal analysis of symptoms in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumours

Summary.  Primary and metastatic brain tumour patients are treated with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Such treatments often result in short- and long-term symptoms that impact cognitive, emotional and physical function. Therefore, understanding the transition of symptom burden over time is important for guiding treatment and follow-up of brain tumour patients with symptom-specific interventions. We describe the use of a hidden Markov model with person-specific random effects for the temporal pattern of symptom burden. Clinically relevant covariates are also incorporated in the analysis through the use of generalized linear models.     

The Impact of Adoption on the New Parents' Marriage

ABSTRACT

This literature review examines the effect of adoption on the new parents' marriage. There are many factors in common with the transition to biological parenthood. A general decline in marital satisfaction is related to the partners' ability to balance marital and parental roles, to expectations about the division of housework and child care, and to time demands. Adoptive parents' marriages are also affected by infertility and its investigation. Adoption, especially of older children, adds further strains, including differing responses to the child's acting-out behavior. Social support, including parent relief, can enhance a marriage. The paper also discusses needed research and implications for practice.     

完善我国上市公司可转换债券税收制度的思考

随着危机之后经济的逐渐回暖可转换债券以其混合融资方式的优势再次受到国内公司直接融资的青睐。然而，税收制度的非确定性造成这种融资方式在成本控制方面的不稳定。这不仅加剧了发行可转换债券公司资本运作的困境，同时也带给征税机关在税收确定方面的困难。无论从完善税收制度方面还是从缓解企业资金短缺矛盾方面看，可转换债券税收制度的完善问题都亟需解决。     

ON TRANSITION PROBABILITIES OF SKIP-FREE MARKOV CHAINS

Consider an ergodic Markov chain X(t) in continuous time with an infinitesimal matrix Q = (q_ij) defined on a finite state space {0, 1,…, N}. In this note, we prove that if X(t) is skip-free positive (negative, respectively), i.e., q_ij, = 0 for j > i+ 1 (i > j+ 1), then the transition probability p_ij(t) = Pr[X(t)=j | X(0) =i] can be represented as a linear combination of p_0N(t) (p^(m)_(N0)(t)), 0 ≤ m ≤N, where f^(m)(t) denotes the mth derivative of a function f(t) with f⁽⁰⁾(t) =f(t). If X(t) is a birth-death process, then p_ij(t) is represented as a linear combination of p_0N^(m)(t), 0 ≤m≤N - |i-j|.     

残雪：从梦魇世界到灵魂王国

残雪创作期的前后划分大致在90年左右。残雪早期的描写没有脱离中国某个时期的社会现实。到了后期的创作整个进入了作家个人精神的世界,形成所谓“残雪之谜”。纵观残雪的创作,的确可以发现精神探索逐渐加深的痕迹。     

Perceptions of health and well-being in transition societies: some results of a qualitative study carried out in the Ukraine

This article reports on research carried out within the scope of the Inco-Copernicus Programme, from 1999 to 2002, on ‘Health and Well-Being in Transition Societies’. In particular, it presents the results of a qualitative study carried out in the Ukraine. On the basis of in-depth interviews and two biographical interviews, data are analysed on the following topics: employment situation, informal economy, perception of health and well-being, perception of social services, perception of social exclusion, crisis and low expectations, coping strategies, and perceptions of citizens’ rights. It concludes that transition has meant important change that has had a significant effect upon the Ukrainian population.     

The involvement of board of directors and institutional investors in investing in transition economies: An agency theory approach

We investigate the influence of the composition of the board of directors and stock ownership patterns on the decision to enter markets in Central and Eastern Europe. Our findings suggest that board composition alone does not influence the entry decision while firms with less concentrated stock ownership were more likely to enter these developing markets. We also found that while better performing firms were attracted to opportunities in Central and Eastern Europe, firms with poor prior performance and outside dominated boards were also more likely to enter these markets.