The experiential knowledge of migrant women about vulnerability during pregnancy: A woman-centred mixed-methods study

ProblemWithin maternity care policies and practice, pregnant migrant women are regarded as a vulnerable population.BackgroundWomen’s experiential knowledge is a key element of woman-centred care but is insufficiently addressed in midwifery practice and research that involves migrant women.AimTo examine if pregnant migrant women’s experiential knowledge of vulnerability corresponds with sets of criteria of vulnerability, and to explore how migrant women make sense of vulnerability during pregnancy.MethodsA sequential two-phased mixed-methods study, conducted in the Netherlands, integrating survey data of 89 pregnant migrant women and focus group data obtained from 25 migrant mothers - living in deprived areas according to the Dutch socio-economic index.ResultsCriteria associated with vulnerability were reported by 65.2% of the participants and 62.9% of the participants reported adverse childhood experiences. On a Visual Analogue Scale, ranging from 0 (not vulnerable) to 10 (very vulnerable), participants self-reported sense of vulnerability showed a mean score of 4.2 (±2.56). Women’s experiential knowledge of vulnerability significantly correlated with the mean sum score of clinical criteria of vulnerability (r .46, p .002) and with the mean sum score of adverse childhood experiences (r .48, p < .001). Five themes emerged from the focus group discussions: “Look beyond who you think I am and see and treat me for who I really am”, “Ownership of truth and knowledge”, “Don’t punish me for being honest”, “Projection of fear” and “Coping with labelling”.ConclusionPregnant migrant women’s experiential knowledge of vulnerability is congruent with the criteria. Calling upon experiential knowledge is an attribute of the humane woman-midwife relationship.     

Midwives’ provision of health promotion in antenatal care: A qualitative explorative study

ProblemStudies indicate that health promotion in antenatal care can be improved. Moreover, a schism seems to exist between health promotion and prevention in antenatal care.BackgroundAntenatal care to support and improve maternal health is a core midwifery activity in which prevention as well as HP and woman-centeredness are important.AimTo explore how Danish midwives experienced antenatal care and practiced health promotion.MethodsMidwives undertaking antenatal care were interviewed individually (n = 8) and two focus groups (n = 10) were created. Thematic analysis was performed inductively, and the theoretical models from Piper’s health promotion practice Framework for midwives were used to analyse the midwives’ health promotion approach.FindingsTwo major themes were highlighted. Theme 1: ‘The antenatal care context for health promotion’ described factors contributing to quality in health promotion in antenatal care, such as communication and building relationships with the pregnant women. Theme 2: ‘The health promotion approach in antenatal care’ described both midwife-focused and woman-focused approaches to pregnant women’s health. Barriers to high-quality antenatal care and a holistic health promotion approach were identified, such as shared-care issues, documentation demands and lack of time.DiscussionThe midwives’ experiences were discussed in the context of a health promotion approach. Why midwives practice using a midwife-centred approach has many explanations, but midwives need to learn and help each other understand how they can practice woman-focused care while simultaneously providing prophylactic, evidence-based care.ConclusionMidwives mainly had a midwife-focused approach. To further promote women’s health, midwives need to focus on a woman-focused approach.     

市场化与中国民众社会公平感的变迁:2005—2015

本文基于CGSS 2005和CGSS 2015研究中国民众社会公平感的变迁趋势，并从市场化的角度分析社会变迁与公平感变迁之间的关系。研究发现，2005—2015年，民众的结果公平感有所提升，但机会公平感有所下降。模型分析结果支持“参照群体论”，但与“社会结构论”并不完全一致。在控制所有变量的影响以后，地区的市场化程度能够显著提升个体的结果公平感，并削弱机会公平感。Oaxaca-Blinder分解结果进一步显示，2005—2015年，中国社会市场化程度的提高是导致民众结果公平感上升和机会公平感下降的主要影响因素。随着市场化改革的不断深入，机会公平问题应当在日后的公平感研究中得到更多关注。     

不同品牌资产测量模式的关联性

现有文献倾向于孤立看待不同品牌资产测量模式,该文则重点研究它们之间的关联性。文章在分析不同品牌资产测量模式特点的基础上,站在品牌价值链视角,把不同品牌资产测量模式视为品牌价值创造链中的不同环节,认为它们之间存在关联性。论文通过京、沪、穗消费者调查数据和美国市场二手数据,分析证实了不同品牌资产测量模式之间存在关联性。论文建议:(1)公司要兼顾不同品牌资产测量模式,避免单一模式测量结果的误导性;(2)提高营销质量,走科学营销发展之路;(3)坚持合作营销,培育良性产业环境;(4)坚持长期导向,注重消费者教育。     

关于健全经济增长成果城乡共享机制的思考——以促进上海郊区新农村建设为例的研究

改革开放后,上海经济的发展给城市带来了活力,也提高了城乡居民的生活水平与生活质量。但数据分析也清楚地告诉我们,郊区农民在上海转入高速发展期后并未能更多地共享上海经济高速增长的成果。主要表现为城乡居民收入差距一度缩小后拉大,郊区农村基础设施建设薄弱、社会事业发展滞后、人居环境尚不完善、社会保障水平差异大等。文章就其原因作了分析,并就如何让农民更多地共享经济高速增长的成果进行了探讨。     

A comparison of two programmes for victims of child sexual abuse: a treatment outcome study

This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of individual therapy and combined individual and group therapy in the treatment of the psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), the Youth Self Report form (YSR), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) were administered before treatment and 6 months later to a group of 20 young people who participated in individual therapy (IT) programmes and to a group of 18 young people who participated in programmes that involved combined individual and group therapy (IGT). For both types of programmes, statistically significant improvement occurred on the following scales: the total problems, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, attention problems and aggressive behaviour problems CBCL scales; the total depression, interpersonal problems and anhedonia CDI scales; and the depression and anger TSCC scales. The only scale for which one therapy programme led to greater improvement than another was the CDI ineffectiveness scale. The IGT programme led to a reduction in the mean CDI ineffectiveness score, whereas a slight increase in the mean ineffectiveness score occurred in the IT group. There were no significant differences in the rates of clinically significant improvement associated with the two treatments and no major differences between cases who improved and those that did not improve over the course of therapy. From this study, it may be concluded that after 6 months, individual therapy and combined individual and group therapy were equally effective in the treatment of the psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forensic Evaluation in Alleged Sibling Incest Against Children

Sibling incest is a serious form of intrafamilial sexual abuse with health, social, and legal relevance. A retrospective study was conducted through the analysis of forensic medical reports of the alleged sibling incest of victims under 18 years old (n = 68) from 2004 to 2011 as well as the respective judicial outcomes. Results demonstrated that sibling’s sexual abuse is associated with several circumstances that might exacerbate its severity such as vaginal, anal, and/or oral penetration. Moreover, the victim’s young age, the proximity between victim and abuser, and the fact that it is committed at the victim’s and/or abuser’s home and by using physical violence and verbal threats justify a late detection of these cases.     

Rorschach Responses of Sexually Abused Children

Clinicians have few reliable methods with which to accurately detect and assess the incidence of child sexual abuse. Using archival data, this exploratory study copmared Rorschach protocols of 94 sexually abused children to the Exner (1986a) norms in order to determine the potential usefulness of the Rorschach in the area of hcild abuse assessment and treatment. Subjects, both male and female and between the ages of 6 and 16 years of age, were combined into three age groups and compared to the Exner norms. Of the 18 Rorschach variables studied, 17 significantly distinguished at least one subject group from the norms. Results were consistent with findings in the literature regarding characteristics of sexually abused children. Rorschach scores suggest that sexually abused children suffer impairment in terms of emotional experience and expression, attitudes toward self and others, and perceptual conventionaliy. Future research is discussed, including the need for comparison groups and for controling several subject variables.     

Application Review of Journey Mapping

Journey Mapping is a unique Internet-driven program evaluation tool supporting both qualitative and quantitative data collection. Successful implementation of the tool requires minimal training. The Journey Mapping website is updated on a regular basis to include new features; all users log on and work with the latest version. Journey Mapping supports collection of program outcome data, as well as data for program refinements. Realizing the full potential and benefits of Journey Mapping may depend on integrating the system with staff job designs and the overall mission of the program.     

Evaluation of Lehman's Brief Quality of Life Interview in Assessing Outcome in Psychiatric Rehabilitation in People with Severe and Persistent Mental Disorder

Abstract

Lehman's Brief Quality of Life Interview (QOLI) was administered to psychiatric rehabilitation program clients 6 times at 6-month intervals. Participants were individuals with predominantly psychotic-type diagnoses. Results showed no change over time and few gender differences. No change over time indicates no improvement but also no deterioration in this chronic population. Correlations between test times indicated that the subjective scales were relatively stable in comparison to the objective scales. Results indicate that the QOLI has poor sensitivity, and therefore limited utility, for assessing change in psychiatric rehabilitation of individuals with severe and persistent mental disorders. However, the QOLI does have an important use: It provides a good indication of the clients' perspectives on the quality of their lives and services received.