‘Why Do All the Women Disappear?’ Gendering Processes in a Political Science Department

The article provides an in‐depth analysis of the gendering processes among PhD candidates in a political science department. It uses Joan Acker's theory of gendered organizations operating through four dimensions: the gendered division of labour, gendered interaction, gendered symbols and gendered interpretations of one's position in the organization. The article combines this approach with theories of hidden discrimination. The key theoretical aim is to contribute to gendered organizational theory by examining the ways in which hidden discrimination and the gendered organization work together. This generates detailed and differentiated knowledge about the mechanisms of hidden discrimination that produce gender inequalities in the department. The findings presented in this article point to the role of gendered division of labour and the lack of information about departmental practices. PhD supervision by men is a particularly strong structural barrier for women because of the gendered nature of interaction in supervision and the difficulties that female PhD students have in a male‐dominated environment. The article further contributes to debates on gendered organizations by focusing upon the gendered symbols of expertise in political science. These symbols reproduce the man as the political scientist norm and result in women interpreting their own position as marginal or as outsiders.     

论孙犁小说中的另类女性形象

孙犁小说历来以塑造恶劣战争环境中乐观健康的青年妇女形象、表现农村劳动妇女内在的心灵美和人情美、并以此来体现特定的时代精神而深受广大读者的喜爱。但深读孙犁的小说,发现其在人物塑造上存在着明显的二元对立现象,美与丑、好与坏泾渭分明;政治与道德、外表与内心简单浅薄,这显然违背了现实主义的创作原则。20世纪50年代初在《风云初记》和《铁木前传》中,在人物俗儿和小满儿的身上,孙犁一改以往二元对立的人物创造模式,使这两个人物比以前创造的任何女性人物都要复杂和丰满,这也使得这两个人物形象成为孙犁小说中的另类。     

No Human Resource is an Island: Gendered,Racialized Access to Work as a Performer

This article explores the reproduction of gendered, racialized conceptions of age and appearance in structuring access to performing work. Analysis of this issue leads to discussion of a key supposition: that central work experiences of women performers are manifestations of their position as formal and informal proxies for women's experiences in wider society. Women performers are formal proxies in that they are employed to ‘be women’; to represent women for consumption in the circuit of culture. They are informal proxies in that they are allocated to highly segmented labour markets based on wider patterns of gendered, racialized social relations.     

从多哈亚运会看中国女子竞技体育的功绩及其成因

通过对多哈亚运会及近几届奥运会中我国男、女运动员所获金牌的比较，可以看出“中国女子竞技体育优势现象”，研究发现，出现这一现象的原因主要包括：中国妇女的传统美德、中国妇女解除封建枷锁后所进发出的勃勃生机、我国竞技体育的举国体制、丰厚的物质奖励、男陪女练的训练手段、我国女子运动员的身体形态特征等。     

Women's Scientific Employment and Family Formation: A Longitudinal Perspective

We focus here on the retention of highly qualified women scientists in science‐based employment in England and Wales. Using linked Census records from the Longitudinal Study 1971–1991 we show that women's education and employment rates in science, engineering and technology increased somewhat, although some fields show persistently low representation. We then compare retention in employing women with health‐related degrees with that of women with degrees in science, engineering and technology, showing that the latter group has markedly lower retention rates. Those who stay on in science‐based employment have children later than other types of graduate and their rates of non‐motherhood are higher. Four‐fifths of women in health‐related occupations were mothers, compared to only two‐fifths in science, engineering and technology. Our findings have implications for policymakers who wish to make best use of the knowledge base: attention should be paid to retention, as well as the more usual focus on qualifications and recruitment. The findings also suggest the potential for institutionally based theories to explain why highly qualified women have such low retention rates in science‐based employment.     

走出边缘的"她"写作——探寻美国华裔女性文学传统

美国是一个种族成分较为复杂的多民族移民国家,在以英裔白人主流文化占主导地位的国度里,由有色人种构成的少数族裔处于从属地位和社会的边缘地带.随着种族平等和性别平等的呼声越来越强烈,美国华裔女性作家用自己的创作表达了对种族身份认同的诉求,逐渐走出边缘,形成了美国华裔女性文学独特的创作传统,使得人们得以从多维角度挖掘和探索人类生存意义的复杂性.     

莎士比亚悲剧中的女性观

本文通过莎士比亚的晒部罗马悲剧和四大著名悲剧探讨了剧中反映的至高无上的父权意识、贯穿全剧始终的“阉割情节”以及莎翁笔下的两极化的女性形象，从而认为莎士比亚在其悲剧中反映的女性观是保守的、守旧的。比其在喜剧中反映的女性观更具有悲观性和失望感。     

重新解读唐代妇女地位——从唐代婢女的地位看起

在人们印象中，唐代妇女的地位提高了，但从唐代婢女“奴婢贱人，律比畜产”的地位看，与其前代婢女的“资产”属性并没有两样。唐人的妇女观仍然是“男尊女卑”，其妇女地位不可能提高。唐代妇女生活比较开放，此当源于她们特殊的文化背景，并不意味着其地位的改变。     

中世纪欧洲妇女文学之影响因素分析

欧洲中世纪时期,女性作家及作品受到了社会政治、宗教、文化教育等因素的影响。首先,在政治上,女性居于从属地位,不可能去专心写作,而且家庭内部的不平等,客观上也阻碍了女性进行创作。其次,由于宗教的影响,女性作家在作品题材上多为日记、书信、自传、诗歌,并且只能关注日常生活中的琐碎小事。第三,文化教育对女性的歧视,使得女性作家除了修道院的修女外,只有少数几位贵族妇女在中世纪的文学中留有一笔。第四,中世纪后期女性意识的觉醒,使得女性作家的作品内容较前丰富。     

武汉国民政府时期湖北妇女运动初探

和湖北的工人运动、农民运动一样,武汉国民政府时期的湖北妇女运动也呈现出蓬勃发展的景象,教育平等、婚姻自由、财产承继、放足等思想主张深入人心。对武汉国民政府时期湖北妇女运动的背景、发展概况、特点作了初步探讨。