《碧洛雪山》:从小说到电影

小说《碧洛雪山》是云南哈尼族作家存文学创作的优秀作品,改编成电影剧本《碧罗雪山》,从互文的角度看,兼具文本和前文本特色。小说《碧洛雪山》是一个表面讲述村子搬迁事件,但却深含寓言意义的故事,以社会的真实指向个人的底蕴,在民族的信仰中,具体说是在图腾文化中反衬人性的表现。文本在此建构了一个巨大的隐喻象征场所。同时,文本叙述表面为人熊矛盾,其实隐含的是人在权利面前的软弱,人与权力的矛盾。外显的杀熊情节其实与另一个潜在的体系——权利之间存在意义联系,这是一个更大的、也更为隐蔽的寓言所在。与小说比较,电影《碧罗雪山》除了人物生活的环境没变化之外,风格、主题和情节都发生了很大的改变。小说主题原本具有丰富的多向性特点,人与自然的和谐贡献了一个主题,黑暗的权利交易又贡献一个主题。影片则单纯表现人与自然在现代法律制度下的和谐守望发生了矛盾与冲突。影片按照写实主义手法对文本进行了全面改写,力图通过麦地村,还原峡谷人群一份真实的生活思考:面对现实,传统与当代如何相互选择。     

秦巴山区生态环境建设的基本经验与问题研究

秦巴山区是我国自然地理和人文地理的特殊区域,也是全国18个集中连片的贫困地区之一。以退耕还林为中心的生态环境建设政策已起到了生态改善和脱贫致富等多重积极效应,积累了一系列的成功经验。主要有:区域经济发展模式自觉地配合国家生态环境治理总目标,因地制宜制定生态环境建设方案,生态环境建设同调整产业结构和扶贫开发相结合等。同时,也存在一些值得探讨的问题。     

Ramifications of Risk Measures in Implementing Quantitative Performance Assessment for the Proposed Radioactive Waste Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA

As part of its preparation to review a potential license application from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is examining the performance of the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. In this regard, we evaluated postclosure repository performance using Monte Carlo analyses with an NRC-developed system model that has 950 input parameters, of which 330 are sampled to represent system uncertainties. The quantitative compliance criterion for dose was established by NRC to protect inhabitants who might be exposed to any releases from the repository. The NRC criterion limits the peak-of-the-mean dose, which in our analysis is estimated by averaging the potential exposure at any instant in time for all Monte Carlo realizations, and then determining the maximum value of the mean curve within 10000 years, the compliance period. This procedure contrasts in important ways with a more common measure of risk based on the mean of the ensemble of peaks from each Monte Carlo realization. The NRC chose the former (peak-of-the-mean) because it more correctly represents the risk to an exposed individual. Procedures for calculating risk in the expected case of slow repository degradation differ from those for low-probability cases of disruption by external forces such as volcanism. We also explored the possibility of risk dilution (i.e., lower calculated risk) that could result from arbitrarily defining wide probability distributions for certain parameters. Finally, our sensitivity analyses to identify influential parameters used two approaches: (1). the ensemble of doses from each Monte Carlo realization at the time of the peak risk (i.e., peak-of-the-mean) and (2). the ensemble of peak doses calculated from each realization within 10000 years. The latter measure appears to have more discriminatory power than the former for many parameters (based on the greater magnitude of the sensitivity coefficient), but can yield different rankings, especially for parameters that influence the timing of releases.     

太白山牛皮桦林的定量研究

根据调查资料，分析了太白山牛皮桦林的种类组成、多样性、结构及演替趋势．依据聚类分析法和群落相似系数法将牛皮桦林分为４个类型．排序结果表明，坡向和海拔高度是影响牛皮桦林的主导因子     

圣竹·神鼓·虎龙山·招魂礼——广西那坡彝族非物质文化载体之探究

竹子、铜鼓、虎龙及其生长、盛行之地与广西那坡彝族先民生息密切相关。其优美动人的传说对后世生活有着深刻的影响,是当地一种非物质与口头文化载体。圣洁的竹子,是彝族人民生存、生活的精神支柱;神秘的铜鼓,是彝族人民奋发向前的鼓动力量;源远流长的招魂礼,记载着彝族人民悠久的历史和灿烂的文化;巍峨的虎龙山,深深地印下当地彝族先民漫漫迁徙的脚印。研究竹子、鼓乐、招魂礼仪、虎龙山及其在广西那坡彝族地区特殊关系,挖掘其中丰富的文化内涵,对于抢救人类非物质文化遗产,弘扬民族文化,振奋民族精神,具有深刻的意义。     

当前大别山区农村存在的“五难”问题及其对策

本文揭示了当前大别山区农村存在的主要难题,分析了存在问题的原因,并提出了解决问题的对策和建议.     

王十朋的稽山鉴水情缘

八百余年前 ,南宋朝状元王十朋任绍兴府佥判 ,为官清廉 ,勤政为民 ,坚守节气 ,精忠报国。基于其深厚的历史文化底蕴和深切的人文关怀 ,考察越中山水 ,以独特的视角和特殊的情怀反映出稽山鉴水的各个方面 ,从而留下具有深刻价值的史料文献     

武当山道教九月初九真武斋醮法事实录--宗教人类学考察报告

本文通过田野调查,记录了武当山道教九月初九真武圣寿斋醮法事的宗教活动,从宗教人类学的角度审视了斋醮仪式的源流及其社会功能.     

普陀山佛教文化

普陀山佛教文化 ,源远流长 ,丰富多彩。本文主要介绍了普陀山作为观音道场的由来、佛教文化发展历程、历史上的高僧及主要修行法门、帝王及信众的护持、寺塔建筑、诗书联额、“海天佛国”风光等方面的有关内容     

“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”成为名句的原因

"采菊东篱下,悠然见南山"之句历受文人称赏,主要有以下四点原因:将日常生活诗意化,体现了人与自然的和谐;"物与境谐"之境界透露出他在魏晋动乱社会中淡薄名利、持节操守的胸襟气韵;"秋菊"、"南山"等意象表达了他在易代前后健康长寿的愿望;语言含蓄深刻,意在言外,富于哲思.