Current mental health and reconciliation sentiment of victims of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda

Abstract

Two hundred and seven victims of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda were presented with the Rwandan version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ), and with reconciliation sentiment items. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure of the GHQ was examined. The three-factor structure suggested by some authors reasonably fitted the data but two factors—Anxiety and depression, and Loss of confidence—were extremely correlated. As a result, a reduced two-factor model was tested, and the fit of this model was found to be reasonable. As regards the anxiety, depression and loss of confidence factor, the level of mental health observed among victims was lower than the level of mental health observed among Europeans who were never directly exposed to violence. As regards the social dysfunction factor, however, no difference was evidenced. A positive association between mental health and reconciliation sentiment was observed.     

Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review

Problem

Fear of childbirth negatively affects women during pregnancy and after birth.

A psychometric evaluation of a Dutch version of the Job Content Questionnaire and of a short direct questioning procedure

Using the demand-control-support perspective on job stress, a Dutch translation of an adapted version of the Job Content Questionnaire (AJCQ) was administered to a large population ( N = 3638) of Flemish workers in a variety of jobs, together with the General Health Questionnaire, and a negative affectivity scale. Overall, the AJCQ was shown to be a solid measurement instrument as indicated by several estimated reliability indices and validity of the subscales. A factor analysis largely reproduced the a priori structure of the AJCQ. A short 10-item direct questioning procedure was constructed to measure the 10 subscales of the AJCQ and the results of this procedure were compared with the AJCQ in a subsample ( N = 660). The correlations with six criterion variables showed that single questions were equally predictive than the much longer version of the AJCQ.     

口译认知加工焦虑与口译策略关系的实证研究

基于口译认知心理和口译策略相关理论,对口译策略特别是口译认知策略进行了重新分类;同时结合自行设计的口译认知加工焦虑问卷和口译策略问卷,通过两次实证调查发现,口译认知加工焦虑与口译策略呈显著的负相关;焦虑状态下口译策略特别是分析推理性认知策略的使用受到明显的影响;而较强的认知策略和元认知策略能力则会表现为较低的认知加工焦虑。在此基础上,本文提出培养元认知策略意识和习惯,加强认知策略训练,及多维度干预口译焦虑的建议。     

新疆少数民族大学生领悟社会支持与应对方式的相关研究

领悟社会支持和应对方式是青少年心理健康的重要影响因素。研究少数民族大学生领悟社会支持和应对方式以及相互关系有助于了解少数民族大学生的心理健康状况、行为方式、行为习惯及行为心理。使用领悟社会支持评价量表、简易应对方式问卷对新疆维吾尔自治区少数民族大学生进行问卷调查,针对少数民族大学生领悟社会支持和应对方式的状况,提出建立少数民族大学生社会支持网络,开展少数民族大学生积极应对方式教育等对策。     

学习型组织整体系统的构成及其组织系统与学习能力系统之间的关系

提出了"学习型组织的组织系统"的概念及其5个维度模型.然后,将该系统与"学习型组织的组织学习行为(能力)系统"相结合,形成了"学习型组织的整体系统",并分析了该整体系统中"学习型组织的组织系统"和"学习型组织的学习行为(能力)系统"之间的相互关系.同时,还开发了"学习型组织的组织系统问卷",采用223个企业样本数掘进行了统计检验,发现该测量问卷具有良好的信度和效度,其5个维度均与组织学习能力和组织绩效具有显著的正相关关系.     

问卷调查中的“问题”编排准则

问卷调查中的＂问题＂编排遵循一定的准则,主要是由易到难;由熟悉到陌生;先行为问题后态度问题;感兴趣的问题在前,有顾虑的问题在后;辅助性问题在前,敏感性问题在后;封闭式问题在前,开放式问题在后。     

Individualized Career Counseling Outcome Assessment: A Case Study Using the Personal Questionnaire

Career counseling has evolved to include practices that attribute a central importance to context variables and meaning‐making processes. Accordingly, there is a need for client assessment tools that consider the subjectivity and cultural specificity of clients and the interface between their work and life concerns. The idiographic assessment of outcomes, which uses individualized measures that involve clients in the definition of person‐specific items, is a promising approach. This article explores the use of the Personal Questionnaire (PQ) as an individualized outcome measure that complements standardized outcome career measures. The authors identify the factors leading to the emergence of idiographic assessment in career counseling, review existing research relevant to the need for the PQ, and present a case study of career construction counseling that illustrates how the PQ helps counselors to obtain sensitive and contextualized assessments of career counseling outcomes, guides interventions, and facilitates meaning making.     

问卷调查中情境题的应答质量及其与认知功能的关系

情境题在多个国内大型问卷调查中被用来测量受访者的主观评价标准。从设计上来说，情境题题干较长或者涉及维度较多，对受访者的认知功能要求较高，因此情境题的应答质量可能受到影响。本研究基于三个大型调查数据集（中国家庭追踪调查、中国健康与养老追踪调查、国际学生评价项目）中的10类情境题数据来评估情境题的应答质量，然后进一步分析应答质量与受访者教育水平和认知功能的相关性。研究结果显示，情境题的应答质量在不同调查的不同情境题之间有显著差异，受访者对同一情境题组内部不同情境题的打分排序与原设计意图不符的比例在2.73%到30.31%之间。进一步分析表明，情境题的应答质量与受访者的受教育水平和认知功能呈现显著的正相关性，排序不合理和应答不一致的现象更可能出现在受教育水平和认知功能偏低的人群中。因此，研究者在进行情境题的设计和分析时都应该考虑认知功能对其应答质量的影响。