中空超扁平系列谐波减速器柔轮应力与疲劳寿命

基于SBM超效率DEA模型从效率视角测算了1993—2017年间中国28个省（市、区）农业经济增长质量,利用Dagum基尼系数及其分解探讨了农业经济增长质量的区域差距及其差异来源,并采用Kernel密度估计考察了中国农业经济增长质量的动态演进特征。结果表明：第一,从时间维度看,1993—2017年中国农业经济增长质量不高,大致呈“W”型变化趋势;从空间维度看,中国农业经济增长质量表现出明显的空间不平衡性,呈现“东高西低”的格局。第二,我国农业经济增长质量区域差异逐渐增大,且主要由区域间的不平衡造成,其次为区域内部的不平衡,超变密度的贡献逐渐降低。第三,中国农业经济增长质量呈“双峰”分布特征,两极分化现象突出。从三大区域来看,东部地区经历由“双峰”到“单峰”再向“双峰”分布的转变,极化趋势开始显现;中部地区和西部地区均经历了“双峰”分布到“单峰”分布的转变,两极分化逐渐消失。     

英汉语言差异在翻译中对意义传译的影响

任何翻译都涉及两种语言,但并不是在两种语言闻简单的转换,而是受这两种语言各自不同特征的影响。英汉翻译活动涉及英语和汉语两种语言。英汉语言的差异在翻译过程中会对意义的传译产生影响,主要表现在三个方面：词汇差异,句型结构差异,文化差异。     

二语习得语误研究综述

二语习得研究对语误做出过多种解释,其中“负迁移理论”,“中介语理论”,“输入输出假设”,“信息加工理论”和“汉英语言心理差异理论”从不同的视角对语误的产生给出了各自合理的解释。     

Patterns of Gaze Between Parents and Children in European American and Mexican American Families

Mutual gaze has been shown to be a valuable channel of nonverbal communication. To examine mutual gaze between parents and children, 43 European American (EA) and 57 Mexican American (MA) families were coded on the occurrence of talking and gaze during a brief discussion. MA families showed lower levels of father-to-child gaze, mother-to-son gaze, and child-to-father gaze than EA families. MA families also showed less father–child mutual gaze, as well as less mother–child gaze for sons than EA families. Child gaze aversion was more common in European American families. Levels of gaze, father–child mutual gaze, and child gaze aversion all were positively correlated with acculturation. The importance of research exploring possible differences in function and meaning of gaze across cultural groups is emphasized.

The myth of the glass ceiling: Evidence from a stock-flow analysis of authority attainment

It is apparent to even a casual observer of American society that women and minorities are underrepresented among managers, especially among top-level executives. Past studies, however, have failed to find a consistent pattern of female and minority disadvantages in actual promotions and hiring decisions to account for this underrepresentation. This study aims to resolve this incongruity. Drawing on panel data from a nationally representative sample of scientists and engineers, I analyzed transitions across authority levels for men and women of three broad racial groups: whites, Asian Americans, and underrepresented minorities. There are two main findings. First, downward mobility plays an important role in authority inequality, especially for Asian men and underrepresented minority men and women. Second, while women and minorities face lower rates of upward mobility than white men, their disadvantages are concentrated in the bottom to middle-level transitions. This pattern is inconsistent with the popular notion of a “glass ceiling,” which implies that women and minorities encounter an unbreakable obstacle in accessing top positions after they have made their way into mid-level management.     

Socioeconomic background and racial earnings inequality: A propensity score analysis

Does a racial earnings gap exist among individuals who come from similar childhood socioeconomic backgrounds? Is the racial earnings gap larger or smaller for those from higher or lower socioeconomic origins? This research addresses these questions by taking a counterfactual approach to estimating the residual racial pay gap between non-Hispanic black and white men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The findings indicate that the racial earnings gap is larger among those from lower-middle class and working class childhood backgrounds than among those from upper-middle class backgrounds, for whom the racial pay gap is indistinguishable from zero. Compared to their more advantaged counterparts, black men from lower-middle and working class backgrounds have more difficulty rising above their socioeconomic origins relative to white men from similar social class backgrounds. Racial earnings equality among those from upper-middle class backgrounds suggests that the high levels of racial inequality often observed among those with college and professional degrees may in fact reflect heterogeneous childhood socioeconomic backgrounds among the college educated—backgrounds that continue to have an effect on earnings despite individual academic achievements.     

Racial Diversity and Change in Metropolitan Neighborhoods

This study investigates the changing racial diversity and structure of metropolitan neighborhoods. We consider three alternative perspectives about localized racial change: that neighborhoods are bifurcating along a white/nonwhite color line, fragmenting into homogeneous enclaves, or integrating white, black, Latino, and Asian residents into diverse residential environments. To assess hypotheses drawn from these perspectives, we develop a hybrid methodology (incorporating the entropy index and majority-rule criteria) that offers advantages over previous typological efforts. Our analysis of 1990-2000 census tract data for the 100 largest US metropolitan areas finds that most neighborhoods are becoming more diverse and that members of all groups have experienced increasing exposure to neighborhood diversity. However, white populations tend to diminish rapidly in the presence of multiple minority groups and there has been concomitant white growth in low-diversity neighborhoods. Latino population dynamics have emerged as a primary force driving neighborhood change in a multi-group context.     

论1949—1969年间英美对华政策分歧的主要原因

在1949到1969年中美全面对抗的20年里,英美之间在对华政策的诸多领域产生了广泛而深刻的分歧和矛盾,其主要原因可以归纳为以下四个方面：两国在华利益差异较大;两国对华认知以及对中苏关系的认知极为相左;两国决策过程中的国内、国际制约因素存在很大不同;两国外交理念和外交决策传统具有明显区别。     

英汉词汇的非对应性及其翻译对策

中西文化的差异导致英汉词汇在涵义、语域和功能诸方面的非对应性。翻译时切不可望文生义,应着重考虑读者的理解,遵从目的语所属的文化习惯,并在指称意义与语用意义冲突时多用异化。     

中国国土开发空间格局的演变研究

本文以中国区域经济政策的变迁为视角,分析了建国以来中国国土开发空间格局的演变,探讨了在区域经济战略及其政策的影响下,中国经济活动在国土空间上的集聚与扩散趋势,以及这种趋势对区域经济增长和发展差距变动的影响。作者认为,随着中国区域发展总体战略的深入实施,中国国土开发开始呈现集中均衡式空间开发战略,中国经济活动在国土空间上的大分散、小聚集将成为一种新的格局。