Reflections on gains and losses: A 2 × 2 × 7 experiment

What determines risk attraction or aversion? We experimentally examine three factors: the gain-loss dichotomy, the probabilities (0.2 vs. 0.8), and the money at risk (7 amounts). We find that the majority display risk attraction for small amounts of money, and risk aversion for larger amounts. Yet the frequency of risk attraction varies according to the gain-loss dichotomy and the probabilities. Kahneman and Tversky studied gain-loss reflections. We submit that a reflection can be decomposed into a translation and a probability switch. We find significant translation and switch effects, which are of comparable magnitude, a result that is equidistant from the diverging two popular views inspired by Prospect Theory: the gain-loss asymmetry, and the fourfold pattern.     

Reflective Practice,Reflexivity, and Critical Reflection in Social Work Education in Australia

Reflective practice, reflexivity, and critical reflection are now widely accepted as important in contemporary social work practice. Despite this, there remain differences in how the terms are discussed within the literature. This results in confusion in how students are instructed about reflective practice, reflexivity, and critical reflection. This paper presents a proposal for clarifying these concepts based on the results from an interpretive study of reflective practice in social work education and practice in Australia. The study utilised three different methods: autoethnography, an archaeological analytic, and qualitative interviews. It found that reflective practice is understood as a capability, a form of critical thinking, a discipline response to a changing sector, and a way of theorising from practice. Conceptual clarifications of reflective practice, reflexivity, and critical reflection are presented.

IMPLICATIONS

• There is a need for clarification about the meaning of reflective practice, reflexivity, and critical reflection within social work.

• Findings from a qualitative study on the meaning and use of reflective practice in Australian social work education may provide conceptual clarification of these terms.

     

What's All this Talk About Emotion? Developing Emotional Intelligence in Social Work Students

The capacity to manage emotional reactions effectively, frequently in complex care settings, is central to the role of a social worker. Nonetheless, there is evidence that social work students frequently find their placements emotionally demanding and stressful. It is proposed that emotional intelligence may help students manage their emotional reactions more effectively during placements and their subsequent career. To date, however, little systematic research has explored whether emotional intelligence and associated competencies can be enhanced during social work training and the implications for wellbeing. This paper presents a mixed-methods two-stage study which aimed to increase emotional competencies in social work students during the first year of training. More specifically, it assesses the impact of a workshop designed to enhance emotional competencies and an emotional writing task on levels of emotional intelligence, reflective ability and empathy which were assessed via questionnaire and reflective logs pre- and post-intervention (Times 1 and 2). Levels of reflective ability and empathy increased significantly between Times 1 and 2 and psychological distress decreased. Content analysis of reflective logs found evidence that reflective ability, empathy and emotional intelligence were enhanced following the interventions. The implications of the findings for the development of the curriculum are considered.     

工作倦怠研究的回顾与思考

本文主要回顾了工作倦怠近三十年来的研究成果与进展,包括工作倦怠的概念与主要影响因素、资源保存理论、工作需求———资源模型。从工作倦怠的维度构建和测量工具的改进、跨文化研究、过程机制、方法论等几个方面提出了进一步的研究思考。     

中华传统文化的"求知"理念

在中华传统文化中,“求知”被看成是塑造“君子”理想人格所必备的美德,因而深入地探讨了人愚智的成因,揭示了“求知”源于人生命的自由意志;探讨了人的知识智慧形成的先天素质和后天习染等问题,指明智慧与道德是形成理想人格的相辅相成的两个方面,坚持了知行统一观;在坚持社会进化论和民本思想的基础上,把“开智”与强国统一起来,提出了“民智者,富强之源”的重要理念。     

浅谈金庸小说中的蒙古形象

从《射雕》、《神雕》、《倚天》这三部可以从中梳理出汉蒙关系的伸展变化的“三部曲”中,我们看到了一个多变而又具有一定整一性的蒙古形象,无论我们从父性的替代、互补的他者还是从镜像的映射的角度去看待这一形象,我们都能发现这一形象在金庸的总体性民族国家叙事之中具有非同寻常的意义:它在深层意义上已经成为了“异质整合与对话型”民族国家主体性之中不可或缺的一个要素。     

小组动力学在大学生成长小组中的应用及反思

小组动力学是小组工作的支柱理论。本文在对小组动力的涵义及小组动力的构成要素进行分析梳理的基础上,从小组背景、招募方法、介入理论和方法、评估方法、主题内容等方面系统介绍了小组动力学在大学生成长小组中的应用实践,同时对实践过程中的有益启示以及困难和障碍进行总结和反思。     

Reflections on the absence of formal reflection in public relations education and practice

This content analysis is a part of wider research into the value of reflective practice in public relations education and practice. Examination of this topic is important given that reflective practice is widely recognised as an essential element for claims of professionalism (Dewey, 1933; Schön, 1983, 1987), and professionalism remains an elusive goal for PR practitioners (L’Etang, 2009). This article examines the extent to which the terms and processes associated with reflective practice are formally included in the contents of a range of widely used and well regarded public relations textbooks. The aim is to provide insight into the significance (or lack of it) of reflective practice in contemporary public relations curricula. Given that textbooks are highly influential teaching media that both reflect and shape curricula, conclusions about the emphasis of reflective practice in public relations teaching can be drawn as a result of this analysis. The findings indicate that – based on the content of the textbooks analysed – reflective practice is not formally included in the public relations teaching curriculum. Further research is needed to determine whether this omission also reflects the situation in public relations practice. This research has relevance for public relations educators given that they play a significant role in influencing future generations of public relations professionals. It concludes with a call for a shift in public relations education that includes greater emphasis on reflective practice.     

Development of a Model of Holistic Reflection to facilitate transformative learning in student midwives

Background

Reflective practice is considered an essential aspect of personal and professional development, and critical reflection is considered the cornerstone of being an accountable and autonomous practitioner. Tertiary education should lay the foundations of lifelong learning by ensuring students develop into critically reflective and reflexive practitioners, who demonstrate self-awareness and an ability to reflect on personal values and beliefs and their impact on the wider healthcare system. This level of reflective practice is essential to effect change at both an individual and societal level. Reflection should therefore be embedded into education programs as a learning, teaching and assessment strategy.

马克思的对象化理论及其对美学的意义

“对象化”是目前关于美的本质讨论的一个核心范畴 ,对这个范畴的理解 ,显然不能过于狭隘。本文通过对马克思“对象化”理论的分析 ,试图把握作为审美范畴的“对象化”的内涵与外延 ,并找出作为审美范畴的对象化与非审美范畴的对象化之间的差异的标志。审美对象化区别于一般对象化之处 ,是反思判断能力的参与 ,有了反思判断能力 ,主体就能使自己的对象化产物转化为美的对象。而在没有反思能力的主体那里 ,即使是劳动实践的产物也只能是一种潜在的审美对象 ,而反思能力又不是一种抽象的主体本质力量 ,它是社会的产物