业主自治中的消极分子及其约束机制

商品房小区业主自治水平直接关系到城市居民的生活品质。业主自治，既取决于积极分子的建设性作用，还受到消极分子的重要影响。消极分子的消极行为表现为低度参与和搭便车、侵占公共利益以及定向打击积极分子等，并产生明显反激励作用，瓦解业主自治。利益调整、社会约束能力弱、低度信任和信息不对称以及社会保护机制欠缺是消极分子反激励作用得以实现的内在因素。应该通过强化行政执法力量介入、完善监督体系和建立组织化保护机制，建构针对消极分子的约束机制，保障业主自治良性运行。     

Determinants of welfare service provision after the Golden Age

Jensen C. Determinants of welfare service provision after the Golden Age Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 125–134 © 2009 The Author, International Journal of Social Welfare © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The welfare state literature exhibits a ‘transfer bias’ in the sense that very little research exists on welfare services or benefits in‐kind. This article presents one of the first systematic studies on the determinants of welfare service provision since the end of the Golden Age of welfare expansion. The article concludes that partisan factors do not drive change, although historically they may have been pivotal. Instead, new factors, including deindustrialisation, female labour force participation and rising public attention appear to be highly significant. It is argued that new studies need to take seriously both the individual characteristics of services as well as the changing social demands that the services are supposed to meet.     

AN ESTIMATION PROCEDURE FOR ERROR VARIANCE INCORPORATING PTS FOR RANDOM EFFECTS MODEL UNDER LINEX LOSS FUNCTION

In the present paper an estimator of the error variance for a three-way layout in random effects model incorporating two preliminary tests of significance has been proposed. It has been well recognized that estimation of parameters, of interest under asymmetric loss function (ASL) is generally better than that under squared error loss function (SELF), particularly where overestimation and underestimation are not equally penalised. As neither overestimation nor underestimation of error variance is desirable, with this motivation, the proposed estimator for the error variance has been studied under LINEX loss function. It is claimed that, with proper choice of degree of asymmetry and level of significance, proposed the sometimes pool estimator performs fairly better than unbiased estimator. Recommendations regarding its application have been attempted.     

Crossover designs based on type I orthogonal arrays for a self and simple mixed carryover effects model with correlated errors

We investigate the performance of crossover designs based on type I orthogonal arrays for a self and simple mixed carryover effects model in the presence of correlated errors. Assuming that between-subject errors are independent while within-subject errors behave according to the stationary first-order autoregressive and moving average processes, analytical optimality results for 3-period designs are established and, as an illustration, numerical details for a number of 4-period cases are tabulated.     

戏剧翻译和舞台演出——以《芭芭拉少校》两个中译本为例

作为舞台演出的主要受体,观众的理解和接受的效果对于戏剧演出的成败有着举足轻重的作用。关联理论中的核心概念最佳关联性及其所强调的语境效果都和戏剧翻译中观众的接受程度具有极大的相关性和一致性,因此,本研究把关联理论中的最佳关联性与戏剧翻译中观众的接受程度紧密联系起来,通过对萧伯纳的三幕剧《芭芭拉少校》的两个中译本各自采用的翻译策略的对比,从观众的最佳接受效果的层面,来探讨为使观众以最小的努力获得最大的语境效果应采用的翻译策略。     

Not a family matter: The effects of religiosity on academic outcomes based on evidence from siblings

Religiosity has been positively linked with multiple measures of academic success, but it is unclear whether the “effect” of religiosity on academic outcomes is causal or spurious. One source of heterogeneity that may contribute to a child's level of religiosity and his/her academic success is family background. This paper is the first to use sibling differences to estimate the associations between religiosity on short and long-term academic success. Our analysis yields two main results. First, more religious adolescents earned higher GPAs in high school, even after including family fixed effects. Second, because they earned higher GPAs in high school, more religious adolescents completed more years of education 14 years after their religiosity was measured. Our findings suggest that adolescents' religious commitments influence their schooling in both the short and long term and should be more actively included and theorized as important drivers of educational and economic stratification.     

Estimation for two-way analysis of variance with correlated errors

We consider some estimation and distribution problems encountered in a two way analysis of variance model with only one observation per cell, errors correlated in one level, and the variances are not necessarily equal. The independence criteria for the row and interaction mean sum of squares and distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the correlation coefficient are given.     

西部大开发战略的成效与问题分析

西部大开发战略是我国区域协调发展战略的重要内容。大量数据表明,西部大开发战略实施10年来取得了显著的成效,但同时也存在一些突出问题。因此,未来西部开发的首要问题是明确重点与政策方向。西部大开发战略实施10年已经打下了良好基础,未来的战略重点应分区域类型确定,西部地区政策应该在完善区域政策制度基础的前提下进行调整。     

Weak convergence of residual median process for dependent or randomly censored samples

This article studies the weak convergence of the residual median process (i) when the observations follow a strictly stationary ø-mixing process and (ii) when hte observations are randomly censored. In both these cased the residual median prodeas converges weakly to a gaussian process.     

A power comparison of three tests for design effects in a random effects covariance model

A preliminary testing procedure for design ettecta in a ran-dom effects covariance model is Compared with the usual procedure to see if the power of the latter can be improved. A procedure which ignores the random covariate effects is included for comparison and for study of misspecification effects. Methodology is based on Roebruck's (1982) results for regular linear models.