外出创业经历能提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效吗?———基于2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据

本文基于2019年北京师范大学劳动力市场研究中心开展的2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据,采用多重中介效应模型,研究创业者外出创业经历对其返乡创业企业经营绩效的影响及其微观作用机制。研究发现,创业者外出创业经历能够显著提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效;外出创业经历能够提升创业者的管理经验,扩大创业者的社会关系网络,有利于创业者获得更多的政策扶持,间接提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效。基于上述结论,建议地方政府积极吸引具有外地创业经历的企业家返乡创业,加大对返乡创业者的创业培训,提高返乡创业者的管理能力,支持创业者培育社会关系网络,加大返乡创业扶持政策的宣传,提升小微企业的经营绩效,助力乡村振兴。     

近十年西部少数民族民间美术研究的发展态势与思考——基于2010-2019年国家社科基金艺术学项目的统计分析

从国家社科基金艺术学立项项目研究角度切入,将2010-2019年间有关西部少数民族民间美术研究的立项项目作为研究对象,对项目类型、项目负责人及其所在单位,以及项目名称的高频词等内容进行统计分析。研究表明,近十年来西部少数民族民间美术立项总体呈持续增长态势,不但注重基础理论研究,而且与时俱进,项目研究紧密与国家政策导向关联。西部少数民族民间美术研究的未来发展,应继续加强基础理论研究,注重实践应用研究,关注艺术学新兴边缘学科研究。     

东亚乡村振兴社会政策比较研究断想

作为典型的后发外生型现代化模式,东亚各国在努力追求和实现工业化、城市化的同时,也特别注意城乡社会的均衡发展,先后推出了系统的乡村振兴社会政策。 但在以往的研究中,学界一般都是循着国别路径展开的,多注重研究中日韩等国乡村振兴的相关政策提出及实施,而没有从比较社会政策的视角展开总体性比较研究。 故结合东亚主要国家工业化、城市化变迁进程中乡村振兴的社会政策实践,展开总体性的比较研究,深入挖掘政策出台的历史背景,分析解读政策文本的内涵,并注意政策文本之间的复杂关联,以实现对东亚乡村振兴社会政策的总体性研究提炼,为当下正在展开的中国乡村振兴战略提供有益的借鉴。     

Evaluating the Possible Impact of Pension Reforms on Elderly Poverty in Europe

Since the 1990s, reforms have changed substantially both the nature of state pension provision and the level of generosity. This article tries to assess the impact of these changes using estimates of pension wealth for a number of hypothetical cases. By focusing on all prospective pension transfers rather than just those at the point of retirement, this approach can provide additional insights, especially on the impact of changes in benefit indexation. These estimates corroborate existing evidence that reforms have decreased generosity significantly. Moves to link benefits to contributions have made systems less progressive, raising adequacy concerns for certain groups. The reforms have, in particular, strengthened the need of ensuring better access to labour markets, of having in place adequate crediting arrangements and minimum pensions.     

When Social Partners Unite – Explaining Continuity and Change in Austrian and Dutch Labour Market Governance

Why do Austria and the Netherlands, two highly corporatist, coordinated, consensual countries diverge with respect to the involvement of social partners in their Public Employment Service? By comparing and contrasting the competing predictions of the power‐resource, employer‐centred and social partnership approaches, we identify a key omitted variable that can explain the observed variations: the ability of the social partners to unite on reform positions. We demonstrate that when the social partners are divided, their collective power is reduced and partisan‐based policy outcomes become more pronounced. In turn, when the social partners jointly favour a particular outcome, their collective power increases and they can override governmental reform plans, even if the government holds a large legislative majority. These findings highlight the causal importance of power relations between and within the social partners for institutional continuity and change.     

The awakening of the sleeping giant? An examination of the role of Ethnicity in the 2006 immigrant rights protests

Since the 1960s many have referred to the Latino community in the U.S. as a “Sleeping Giant.” Recent events including the 2012 presidential election demonstrate that Hispanics are engaged in social and political activism and we posit that this activism can be traced back to the 2006 immigrant rights demonstrations. However, this activism has yielded little success in terms of policy change. Using survey data gathered during a symposium on political activism and civic engagement in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex we employ regression models to examine the factors that influence the perceptions of Latino political activism and its impact. Our results demonstrate that ethnicity played a key role in how the marches were perceived. Further, we find that different variables drive perceptions about the marches for Hispanics and Caucasians, respectively. We conclude the study by discussing the impact of ethnicity in perceptions of political activism.     

流动人口的社会保险覆盖率及其影响因素分析

利用国家卫计委2010年12月的全国性大规模调查数据,本文研究了城市外来流动人口的社会保险覆盖率及其影响因素。研究发现,教育和培训提高了流动人口的参保概率;企业所有制性质、有无劳动合同,显著影响流动人口的参保;农民工各项社会保险的参保状况显著低于城城流动人口,并且中部地区流动人口的社会保险参保率显著低于东部和西部地区。流动人口不再是被动的社会保险获得者,已经有了一定的主动权。在提高流动人口社会保险覆盖率的政策设计上,除了加强流动人口的职业培训和教育之外,还应该严格落实新《劳动合同法》的实施,将农民工作为社会保险扩面工程的重点人群,并将中部地区作为扩面工程的重点区域。     

Deprivation and Poverty in Hong Kong

Despite high and rising real incomes, the poverty rate in Hong Kong remains a cause of community concern. The government has been reluctant to set a poverty line, although the recently (re‐)established Commission on Poverty has recommended that a poverty line for Hong Kong is developed. Against this background, this article reports results derived from a new deprivation study designed to shed new light on the living standards of the poorest in the community. Reflecting international studies, deprivation is identified as existing when people do not have and cannot afford items regarded by a majority in the community as being essential for all. A list of 35 basic needs items is identified as meeting this definition, the results indicating that around 30 per cent are deprived of at least two items, over 18 per cent are deprived of at least four items and 10 per cent are deprived of at least eight items. Deprivation rates are particularly high among items that meet basic health needs. A mean deprivation score index (MDIS) is then used to compare the degree of deprivation experienced by different groups, and indicates that deprivation is most pronounced amongst those receiving Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), people affected by a disability and recent migrants. The overlap between deprivation and income poverty is also relatively low, which suggests both measures have a role to play in identifying who is most vulnerable and guiding where policy change is most urgently needed.     

The Great Recession and Welfare State Reform: Is Retrenchment Really the Only Game Left in Town?

By 2010, when the Greek sovereign debt crisis changed into an existential crisis of the euro, all developed democracies entered a phase in which they had to consolidate their budgets, typically implying a politics of austerity. The scholarly literature, as well as the popular press, suggests that – consequently – welfare retrenchment and cost containment became the only games left in town. In this article, we study the welfare state reform measures taken between 2010 and 2012 in four countries characteristic of mature welfare state regimes (liberal, UK; conservative, Germany; social democratic, Denmark; and hybrid, the Netherlands) to examine empirically whether austerity has indeed become the only item left on the policy menu. Our analysis reveals that retrenchment features prominently on the agenda everywhere, but nowhere by itself. While compensation for income loss is rare since 2010, this still happens. More unexpectedly, reforms in line with a social investment agenda (like expansion of child care or active labour market policies) are still being pursued in all our four cases.     

More social than capital: Social capital accumulation through social network exchange among legal and unauthorized Mexican migrants

Social capital is frequently used to explain many policy related outcomes, but research has not adequately explained how it is accumulated. It is unclear whether the economic or social characteristics of others in a social network motivate social capital accumulation. This lack of understanding has called some to question social capital's efficacy. Employing data from a survey of randomly selected foreign-born Mexicans in Los Angeles County, the influence of social and economic characteristics of a migrant's social network members are estimated. Results suggest a negative association with social capital accumulation for Mexican migrants with a social network member outside their neighborhood. Having married social network members is positively associated for legal Mexicans, while having network members who work in occupations requiring more social skills is positively associated for unauthorized Mexicans accumulating social capital. Measures of human and financial capital are not associated with the probability of developing social capital.