Financial Stress,Shaming Experiences and Psychosocial Ill-Health: Studies into the Finances-Shame Model

The aim of the study was to test the Finances-Shame model and its explanatory power regarding the prevalence of psychosocial ill-health. The Finances-Shame model postulates that (i) the greater the financial stress and the more experiences of having been shamed, the greater the risk for psychosocial ill-health, (ii) the lesser the financial stress and the fewer experiences of having been shamed, the lower the risk for psychosocial ill-health. The study was based upon a survey carried out during the period March 2000–May 2000 in a mid-Swedish region (n = 5,666). The response rate was 69%. The results of the study supported the hypotheses.     

The impacts of housing factors on deprivation in a world city: The case of Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a typical example of a world city that faces escalating poverty and housing problems. Problems related to housing are crucial in determining deprivation. By means of hierarchical linear regression on a representative survey of Hong Kong residents in 2014, this study examines the impacts of household income and housing factors on the deprivation of residents in Hong Kong. The study indicates that income level has a crucial effect on the deprivation level of households; whereas housing cost per capita, living area per capita, and living quarter problems significantly influence deprivation. A small interacting effect exists between household income and housing factors, which do not influence the independent effects of living area per capita and living quarter problems on deprivation. For the public rental housing residents, only the effect of living quarter problem on deprivation is significant, whereas for private rental housing residents, living area per capita and living quarter problem have a significant effect. Among all the models, housing expense per capita is a significant factor only in model for overcrowded households. The study recommends that improving the maintenance and renovation schemes for public and private housing with poor living environment is a good strategy to improve housing conditions and deprivation. The study suggests that anti‐poverty policies must consider strategies and measures that can improve the housing factors, including housing expenses, living density and living quarter maintenance problems, especially for those residents with high living density, such as those living in bed spaces, cubicles, and subdivided flats.     

乡村振兴视域下农民获得感现状与提升路径研究

“获得感”具有经济、政治、社会生活多层面的丰富内涵，在改革与发展中提升人民群众的获得感，是党和国家一直努力奋斗的目标和方向。以农民群体的获得感为研究对象，从国家实施的一系列惠农政策对农民群体的影响为切入点，首先通过纵向比较，从经济获得感、政治获得感、民生获得感三个角度，探讨当前中国农民的获得感现状，并通过横向的城乡比较来分析当前中国农民获得感现状，最后结合乡村振兴的战略布局和要求，从推进产业振兴、优化生态环境、培育文明乡风、加强基层治理与促进生活富裕五方面对提升中国农民获得感的实践路径提出建议和对策。     

Needs of homeless children in the Czech Republic

The needs of homeless children living in shelters and hostels in the Czech Republic have been not sufficiently explored yet. The paper therefore aims to analyse and describe the needs of homeless children living in shelters and hostels in the Czech Republic, thus creating a basis for social work with homeless children and their families. As part of a qualitative research strategy carried out through interviews with parents, children and their social workers, five categories of homeless children's needs (based on Matěj?ek's theory) were identified and described in detail based on a data analysis using Charmaz's Grounded Theory; these categories were the need for stimulation, the need for a meaningful world, the need for love and emotional safety, the need for identity and finding one's own place in society and the need for a life perspective and open future. Based on the identified needs, implications for social work with families were identified, strengthening a sensitive approach of helping professions to the needs of homeless children.     

电商技术、动态能力与小农户增收

电商技术作为数字经济催生的新业态,成为推动小农户增收的重要途径。基于陕南地区实地调研数据,使用Tobit回归模型分析电商技术对小农户增收的影响,利用条件分位数回归模型分析小农户电商技术采纳增收情况的异质性,利用中介效应模型剖析电商技术采纳促进小农户收入中的作用机制。研究结果表明：电商技术采纳对小农户增收具有显著的促进作用,这种促进作用呈波动变化;电商技术采纳能够有效缩小小农户收入的不平衡性,这种影响呈现先增后减的特征;电商技术通过提高小农户的动态能力促进其收入增加,通过提高知识获取能力、整合利用能力缩小小农户收入不均衡。在此基础上,提出通过强化地方政府对电商技术采纳的重视程度、提升小农户动态能力等举措来增加小农户收入、促进收入均衡等对策建议。     

婚姻挤压下农村流动人口的生育性别偏好——基于相对剥夺感视角的分析

中国的出生性别比偏高持续了三十年,婚姻挤压问题日益凸现,大规模的城乡人口流动则加剧了婚姻挤压问题及其社会影响的严重性与复杂性。受制度与非制度因素影响,农村流动人口在城市处于社会底层,易遭遇成婚困难、诱发相对剥夺感,可能对生育偏好产生重要影响。本文基于相对剥夺感视角,对2009年福建省X市外来农村流动人口调查数据的分析发现,婚姻挤压对农村流动人口的生育性别偏好的观念与行为均无显著影响,但相对剥夺感对生育性别偏好行为有显著影响。本研究有助于理解婚姻挤压与相对剥夺感对农村流动人口生育性别偏好演化的特殊作用,对国家调整生育政策、提高流动人口计生服务与管理、促进性别平等有一定借鉴意义。     

Motivating Auto Safety Belt Wearing in Industrial Settings:

Employees at an industrial plant (n = 141) participated in 40-minute safety belt "awareness sessions," which for some groups included opportunities to sign buckle up pledge cards. The duration of the pledge period was one week, one month, or three months for different groups of approximately 35 employees each. The awareness sessions, alone or with pledge cards, yielded a three-fold increase in safety belt use (from approximately 20% to 60%), which was sustained over the 13 weeks of post-session observation. While most employees signed pledge cards regardless of the pledge duration, pledging did not produce greater increases in safetey belt use than the awareness sessions without pledge cards. Further, pledge duration had no differential effect on likelihood of signing, or subsequent compliance. The usual white/blue-collar difference was found, with white-collar employees showing higher rates of safety belt use throughout the study. The results suggest strongly that an "intrinsic control" strategy of raising awareness and increasing personal commitment to buckle up can substantially increase safety belt use. The application of this approach as a cost-effective component of an overall program to increase safety belt use is discussed.     

在华跨国企业中外员工薪酬差异的实证研究:基于相对剥夺理论

在华跨国企业中本土员工的薪酬绝对值普遍增加,与外籍员工(特指从国外派到中国的外籍员工)的薪酬差异正在缩小,但本土员工的不公平感并没有明显缓解。本文调查了来自11个在华跨国企业中的249名员工的薪酬状况,从相对剥夺理论的视角研究该现象。通过对收集到的有效数据进行多元方差和层级回归等统计分析,我们发现尽管本土员工和外籍员工的薪酬差异导致了本土员工的相对剥夺感,但本土员工工作动机的下降和离职意愿的增加并不显著。     

Poverty, Social Exclusion and Social Policy in the Czech Republic

This article analyses the pattern of poverty and social exclusion in the Czech Republic and the impact of social policy on this pattern. The analysis is mostly based on data from the Czech Survey on Social Conditions of Households (2001; 27,000 respondents); Eurostat data provide a benchmark for making international comparisons. The poverty rate in the Czech Republic is among the lowest in Europe. On the other hand, material deprivation, as well as concentration of poverty within specific population groups, is high, with the unemployed facing the highest risk of poverty. Social policy measures in effect reinforce this pattern: while the benefit system is highly redistributive and effectively eliminates income poverty among households of employed persons and among pensioners, incomes of persons outside paid employment are protected less effectively. Labour market policy measures are insufficient in scope and inadequate in targeting groups which are facing the highest risk of labour market exclusion and poverty. We argue that although this practice is effective at present, it is not sustainable in the long term.