言意之辨：贯穿金代的美学理论

言意之辨是贯穿整个金代的美学理论。周昂、赵秉文较早提出以意为主之论,反对求奇、求巧,拘于形式。王若虚对前人加以发挥,高扬“真”、“自然”和“自得”,倡导“求是”,打破了传统文论“文以载道”的局限。元好问以“诚”为核心概念,强调“知本”、崇尚“情性”,倡导“得唐人为指归”。金代的言意之辨,对元明清审美观念产生了重要影响。     

意识、经验和世界——康德和胡塞尔论人类经验的限度

20世纪主流哲学都把人类理性的限度作为主要问题来研究,康德和胡塞尔都从认知的主观理性形式和被给予直观的经验性质料两方面限定了人类经验的范围和界限, 同时也站在先验哲学的立场指明了经验自然科学的可能界限,为经验科学的发展奠定了理论的基础,但并未为人类经验知识和科学的发展提供富有价值的指引。     

The School Experiences of Same-Sex Attracted Students in the 14- to 19-Year-Old Secondary Sector in England: Within and Beyond the Safety and Tolerance Framework

SUMMARY

This article examines the social and political context within which lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) youth find themselves and, in doing so, a number of key issues are identified which have profound implications for the functions and responsibilities of schools in the United Kingdom. This article also considers how one secondary school and one Sixth Form College in south-east England are facilitating the gradual visibility of LGB students within a framework of safety and tolerance. In addition, attention is focussed on homophobic victimization identified by students and their experiences when disclosing sexual identity. Methods of data collection are outlined including focus groups with adolescent LGB identifying students, and a questionnaire survey distributed to 116 students (both heterosexual and LGB). Methodological issues are considered together with the difficulties of accessing same-sex attracted respondents and the ethical considerations which emerge as a consequence. Implications for policy and practice within the 14- to 19-year-old secondary sector and the possibility of moving beyond the framework of safety and tolerance are examined.     

Rethinking power in public relations

In the United Kingdom, popular sceptism about the merits of public relations has prompted self-reflection among practitioners and industry bodies. At the root of the public debate is the assumption that public relations wields unjustified social influence on behalf of already privileged organizational interests. The core concern of this discussion, therefore, is the power that a public relations has in democratic societies.     

Principal components of sample estimates: an approach through symbolic data analysis

This paper deals with the analysis of datasets, where the subjects are described by the estimated means of a p-dimensional variable. Classical statistical methods of data analysis do not treat measurements affected by intrinsic variability, as in the case of estimates, so that the heterogeneity induced among subjects by this condition is not taken into account. In this paper a way to solve the problem is suggested in the context of symbolic data analysis, whose specific aim is to handle data tables where single valued measurements are substituted by complex data structures like frequency distributions, intervals, and sets of values. A principal component analysis is carried out according to this proposal, with a significant improvement in the treatment of information.     

Asymptotic expansions of moments and cumulants

This paper shows how procedures for computing moments and cumulants may themselves be computed from a few elementary identities.Many parameters, such as variance, may be expressed or approximated as linear combinations of products of expectations. The estimates of such parameters may be expressed as the same linear combinations of products of averages. The moments and cumulants of such estimates may be computed in a straightforward way if the terms of the estimates, moments and cumulants are represented as lists and the expectation operation defined as a transformation of lists. Vector space considerations lead to a unique representation of terms and hence to a simplification of results. Basic identities relating variables and their expectations induce transformations of lists, which transformations may be computed from the identities. In this way procedures for complex calculations are computed from basic identities.The procedures permit the calculation of results which would otherwise involve complementary set partitions, k-statistics, and pattern functions. The examples include the calculation of unbiased estimates of cumulants, of cumulants of these, and of moments of bootstrap estimates.     

“光明磊落”源流考辨——兼谈《汉语大词典》“光明磊落”条

“光明磊落”是日常生活中一条经常使用的成语,通常用于形容某个人“襟怀坦白,正大光明”。一些大型语文辞书,特别是成语大辞典,均收录了这条成语,并附有相关例证,有的还列出了它的其他一些形式。即便如此,这些辞书仍未能在成语源头问题上达成共识,且对于这条成语的流变过程也较为模糊不清。基于以上几点,笔者认为有必要对该成语的源流作一考证,以厘清其演变发展的脉络,并查找出尽可能早的源头,为辞书编纂作一点力所能及的工作。     

美术中形式美的形态和特征

形式美是一个在艺术创作中倍受争议的话题,如果对它持否定的态度,其显然是违背审美价值属性的。本文从美术创作的角度对形式美展开了简要的论述,并分析了形式美的形态和特征的客观存在性,旨在肯定形式美的审美的价值意义,对从事美术创作的人能更好地认识和把握这一观念是具有实际意义的。     

试论舍勒伦理学中的社群共同体

按照舍勒的观点,任何人在本质上都必然地存在于一定的社群共同体中,任何人及其所在的社群共同体都具有一定伦常价值。每一个拥有自觉意识的个体都是其所在共同体的缔造者,但从根本上讲,共同体所具有的内在价值本质又决定着其中个体的价值世界观的形成。因而,从伦常价值的意义上讲,在个体与共同体之间存在着本质互动的关联。     

论意识的内容和形式

哲学界长期以来停留在"意识的内容是客观的,形式是主观的"这样的简单定性分析层面,存在不少问题。本文跳出抽象地从"主观客观"的角度讨论意识的形式和内容关系的误区。认为:意识的核心内容是信息的处理,意识的形式可分为物质运动形式、信息处理形式和符号表现形式,它们的地位和作用是不同的。